How does the Internet work?

Networks

Connections

Infrastructure

Protocols

In order to connect to the global network, you first need to get access to it through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

To describe the number of bits we can send in a fixed amount of time, we
use bandwidth.

Packets are sent along the Internet.

it connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the Earth. As a result, it can be used almost anywhere in the world,

A router is a type of computer that forwards data across a network path, towards the IP
address of the intended receiver.

The Internet is a global network of billions of
computers and other electronic devices.

A computer network is a group of interconnected computing devices
capable of sending or receiving data. A computer network is a type of
computing system.

End to end connectivity is a principle that anyone can connect to the Internet
and communicate with anyone else on another "end" at any time.

The electrical signals can travel over
different types of transmission mediums
throughout its journey, including:

Copper Cables

Optical Fibers

Wireless

Packets

Physical Infrastructure

Packets might arrive out of order but arrive to the right reciever.

(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): These are the
main building blocks of the internet; they help computers find each other
and make sure data gets delivered correctly.

End to end connectivity

Computing device

Computing system

This is generally the slowest type of
Internet connection, It uses the phone line to connect to the internet.^

Packets are assembled again ready to be displayed

It uses a broadband
connection and can be faster than both via cable.^

Latency is how long it takes data to travel between its source and
destination, measured in milliseconds (ms)

Bandwidth

Packets are pieces of binary information that have been formed from digital data. Which are used to send and receive pieces of information (texts, documents, images, videos, etc.

Packets contain the binary code for the data, the IP address of where it came from, and the IP address of where it is going.

This service is most commonly used with mobile phones, and it connects wirelessly
through your ISP's network.

The Internet is a physical system that
was made to move binary code
between computers.

Internet Moving Data

Computer network

Data is broken down into packets.

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

A computing system is a group of computing devices and programs working
together for a common purpose.

If a part of this network goes down, the
devices can still be connected through
other device routes.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): This is the protocol for your web
pages; it's how your computer asks a web server to send a webpage so you
can see it in your browser.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): This is the protocol for sending
emails; when you hit "send" on your email, SMTP makes sure it gets to the
right email server.

A computing device is a physical artifact that can run a program. Some examples include computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors.

Step 1:

Protocols are the official rules and sets of
procedures that computers follow to make
sure that other computers know how to read
and transmit the data being sent.

TCP/IP

HTTP

SMTP

If the center goes down, we lose all connectivity between devices.^

ISP's

TCP (transmission control protocol) breaks down the information you wish
to send into packets.

Those packets are then forwarded across the internet

Once they are received by the IP address they were sent to, their TCP
reassembles the packets in the correct order.

The Internet transfers data by using "binary code", which forms basically by 0s and 1s. Where it's translated after.

Latency

On the Internet, there is no central location of it. It is made up of billions of servers, routers, and networks. The internet follows rules (called protocols) that govern how computing devices that connect to the internet "talk” to each other.

Routers

TCP