Macromolecues
Carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Function in cells
Source of usable energy
Part of cell structure
Cellulose
Fiberous polymer, hard to digest
Starch
Root and seed glucose
Glycogen
Animal storage sugars
# of basic sugars
Mono-
Glucose and fructose
Di-
Sucrose
Used by humans
Maltose
Used for germinating seeds
Lactose
Milk sugar
Poly-
Monomers
Monosaccharides
Polymers
Subtopic
Subtopic
Lipids
Fatty acids
Saturated
No double bonds between carbon chains
Solid at room temperature
Usually come from animals
Unsaturated
Contains double bonds in carbon chains
Liquid at room temperature
Usually come from plants
Characteristics
Nonpolar
Hydrophobic, not water soluable
Function
Long-term energy storage
Triglycerides
3 fatty acids + glycerol
Natural steriods
Cholesterol
Insulation
Water Proofing
Examples
Fats
Waxes
Oils
Steriods
Nucleic Acids
Monomers
Nucleotide
5 carbon sugar + phosphate group + nitrogen base
Polymers
Nucleic Acids
Function
Carry genetic information
Examples
DNA
Double stranded
Contains deoxyribose sugar
Determines our genetic makeup
RNA
Single stranded
Contains ribose sugar
Creates proteins
ATP
Proteins
Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
Monomer
Ammino Acids
20 types
Made of
Ammino Group
Carboxyl group
R group
Polymer
Proteins
Varying in size and shape
Hydrogen bonds form shapes
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Exapmles
Antibodies
Defends the body from pathogens
Muscle Proteins
Responsible for movement
Enzymes
Biological Catalysts
Structural
Fibrous and stringy
Provide support
Transport
Carrier proteins
Move molecues around