MALIGN AND BENIGN PATHOLOGIES IN BREAST

MAIN FINDINGS

Mammary duct ectasia

Intraductal papilloma

*Main cause of women who are not breastfeeding

*Bloody discharge

*Surgical removal of the duct

Purulent discharge from the nipple

*Infection

*Can produce an abcess

*Atibiotic treatment

Galactorrhea

*Involutive, bilateral, spontaneous, with pregnanciy and hipothyroidism

LUMP

A breast lump is a growth of tissue develops withing your breast. Different types of breast lumps can vary in the way they look and feel.

RISK FACTORS

family history

grandmother, mother, or sister

-Menopause

-Radiotherapy

Subtopicthe diet rich in fats and meats, as well as obesity, sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol.

-Ductal hyperplasia

-Age

the use of hormone replacement therapies.

BREAST CANCER

DIANOSIS

IMAGING STUDY

*Biopsy

Breast biopsy is used to confirm or rule out breast cancer. It is done if other tests, such as a mammogram or a physical exam of the breasts, show that breast cancer might be present.

*Mammography

RRegular mammograms are the best tests doctors have to find breast cancer early. A mammogram is an X-ray image of the breast. Doctors use mammograms to look for signs of early breast cancer.

*Ultrasound

Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to produce pictures of the internal structures of the breast. It is primarily used to help diagnose breast lumps or other abnormalities found during a physical exam, or on a mammogram, or on an MRI of the breast.

*MRI

Breast MRI is a test used to detect breast cancer and other breast abnormalities. A breast MRI captures several images of the breasts. The breast MRI images are combined, using a computer, to create detailed images

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS

*Estrogen receptors

A breast cancer tumor is described as “estrogen receptor positive” if it has receptors for that hormone.

*Progesterone

Again, this means that cancer cells can receive signals from progesterone that stimulate their growth.

*Tumor size

Malignant (cancer): they grow rapidly and often metastasize, that is, they migrate to other parts of the body causing new tumors

p53

TP53 is a gene that helps stop tumors from growing. It is known as a tumor suppressor. A tumor suppressor works like the brakes on a car. Stops cells from dividing too quickly

*HER2/neu

Medir la cantidad del HER2/neu en algunos tipos de células cancerosas sirve para planificar el tratamiento. También se llama c-erbB-2, HER2, receptor 2 del EGF humano y receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano.

*Axillary lymph node status

The lymph nodes are responsible for filtering lymphatic fluid and detecting chemical changes that indicate infection. When these filter points are in the armpit, doctors may call them axillary lymph nodes.