similar b.c. convergent evolution
example of symbiotic protist
lobe or tube-shaped
analogous structures
most plant-like to..
most abundant
Thread-like
anaerobic
most are
nourish coral polyps that build reefs
Pfiesteria causes fish death
lack plastids
pseudopods extend through tests
most harmful to animals
Green Algae - paraphyletic group

Common Ancestor Eukarya

Excavata

Diplomonads

mitosomes

two nuclei

multiple flagella

Ex: Giardia intestinalis

Parabasilids

hydrogenosomes

Ex: trichomonas vaginalis

Euglenozoans

Kinetoplastids

DNA clump - kinetoplasts

Ex: tryptosoma

sleeping sickness

Chaga's disease

Euglinids

pocket w/ 1+ flagella

Ex: euglenia

SAR Clade

Strametoplies

Diatoms

silica cell wall

diatomaceous earth = fossils

Ex: phytoplankton

Golden Algae

Unique pigments

carotenoids

Brown Algae

Ex: seaweed

Structure

holdfast

stipe (stem-like)

blades (leaf-like)

Alveolates

Dinoflagellates

Ex: phytoplankton

cell wall = cellulose plates

cause red tide (toxic for species)

two flagella

Apicomplexa

parasites to animals

spread with spores in host

most need two hosts to complete life cycle

Ex: (genus) Plasmodium

malaria

need humans and mosquitos

Ciliates

Ex: Paramecium

move towards food w/cilia

undergo conjugation and binary fission

contain haploid micro and macro nuclei

Rhizarians

Foramineferans

porous, multichambered shells = tests

found in fossil record

composed calcium carbonate

Cercozoans

most heterotrophic

parasites and predators

Radiolarians

pseudopods "radiate" from them

used for phagocytosis

symmetrical cytoskeleton = silica

Archaeoplastida

Red Algae

contain phycoerythrin

Ex: seaweeds

Nori = sushi

Dulse

most abundant in tropic coasts

Chlorophytes

Ex: Ulva

Ex: Volvox

found in freshwater

prefer environments with intense/ultraviolet radiation

symbionts in lichens

Charophytes

Plants

descended from green algae

Unikonta - chemoheterotrophic

Opithokonts

Animals

Choanoflagellates

Fungi

Nuclearids

Amoebazoans

Slime molds

Plasmodial

many diploid nuclei

extend over its food

consume via phagocytosis

Cellular

move towards food

form aggregate colonies
when facing starvation

Tubulinds

found in freshwater

Entamoebas

parasitic

Ex: entamoeba histolytica

found in untreated water

third leading cause of death

mitochondria

unique cytoskeleton

mouth grooves

crystalline, spiral rods on flagella

Photosynthetic

chemohetero, photoauto, mixo

hairy and smooth flagellum

Examples

Cell Type

Single-Celled

Colony

Multi-Celled

Mixotrophs

membrane-enclosed alveoli

Amoebas - pseudopods

Protists (anything not animal, plant, fungi)

found in aquatic and moist environments

roles:

producers

primary in aquatic systems

symbionts

termites digest wood bc. of protists

parasites

phytophthora ramorum causes sudden oak death