The Immune System

Specific Acquired Immunity - specific lymphocytes that produce antibodies as part of the adaptive immune response

Naive T Cells - lymphocytes that matured in the thymus

Helper T Cells - coordinate immune responses by communicating with other cells

Killer (Cytotoxic) T Cells - destroy cells that are infected with the specific pathogen

Memory T Cells - remember the pathogen for a faster response if there is a subsequent exposure

Suppressor (Regulator) T Cells - subdue other T and B lymphocytes after an infection is cured

Naive B Cells - lymphocytes that matured in the none marrow

Plasma Cells - create antibodies that are specific to antigens of the pathogen

Antibodies - proteins created by plasma cells in response to specific antigens

Memory B Cells - recognize pathogens for a more rapid plasma cell response if there is a subsequent exposure

Naturally Acquired - occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result

Passive - antibodies passed from mother to fetus or mother to child through breastfeeding

Active - actual infection by a pathogen

Artificially Acquired - occurs when a person is given an infection of transfusion of antibodies made by someone else

Passive - antibodies transfused into a person

Active - immunization

Non Specific Innate Immunity - nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body

First Line of Defense - provides protection against all types of potential pathogens or other potential threats by prevention of entry into the body

Chemical

Saliva

Acids in the Stomach

Mucus

Physical Barriers

Skin

Cilia

Earwax

Genetic

incompatibility of genetics of human and cat does allow a human cold to affect the cat, and vice versa

Second Line of Defense - non-specific phagocytes and other internal mechanisms that comprise innate immunity

Inflammation - the reaction of living tissue to local injury, which purpose is to destroy, dilute and isolate the invader

Granulocytes - a type of immune cell that has granules

Neutrophils - respond to bacterial and fungal infections by destroying bacteria by phagocytosis

Eosinophils - respond to parasitic infection and allergic response by releasing many substances that neutralize toxic compounds

Basophils - respond to tissue injury by releasing chemicals, histamines and heparin, that cause inflammation

APC Phagocytic WBC

Dendritic Cells - process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system (act as messengers between innate and the adaptive immune system)

Monocytes - WBC that move throughout the bloodstream

Macrophages - large, specialized immune cells that recognize, engulf, and destroy target cells in tissues

Natural Killer Cells - immune cells that recognize infected human cells and cancers, which they will attack and kill the abnormal cell