Difference
Caues
Cause
Defect
Causes
Takes 24-48 hours
Accumulates HGB
Caused
Suppress
Causes
Dysfunction
Pathogenesis
Caused
Pathogenesis
Deoxygenated cells
S/S
Deformed RBC
Transfusion reaction
Causes
Causes
Increased erythropoiesis
Aplastic
Hemolytic
Redistribution
Compensation
Brain hypoxia
Tissue hypoxia
Decreased
Decreased
Iron
Heme
Old RBC
Decreased O2 sensed
Commonly seen
Also necessary
Also necessary
Key regulator

Red blood cells

Red blood cell production

Kidney

Produces and secretes erythropoietin

Small portion produced in the liver

Erthyropoiesis

Red blood cell destruction

RBC life span 120 days

Phagocytic cells break down old RBC

Spleen

Liver

Bone marrow

Lymph nodes

Heme and iron units are saved to be reused

Bilirubin

Removed by the liver in the form of bile

Binds to apoferrtin

Converted to transferrin

Taken back to bone marrow to be recycled and reused

1.Metabolic activity decreases
2.ATP decreases
3.Fragile

Anemia

RBC
HGB

O2 carrying capacity

S/S

Fatigue

Weakness

Dyspnea

Angina

HA

Faint

Confusion

Vision problems

Tachycardia

Palpitations

Ventricular hypertropy

CHF

Pallor

Nail beds

Mucous membrane

Conjunctiva

Jaundice

Petechiae & Purpura

Bone pain

Sternal tenderness

Blood loos anemia

Internal and External

External leads to iron loss

Problematic for restoration of RBC

Trauma
Hemorrhage

Chronic blood loss

Iron deficiency anemia

Iron stores depleted

GI bleed
Menstruation

Hemolytic Anemia

Premature destruction of RBC

Intravascular hemolysis

Hemoglobinemia/uria

Extravascular hemolysis

Jaundice

Intrinsic

Defective membrane

Sickle cell

Abnormal HGB

Pain

vasoocclusion

Respiratory dysfunction

Spleenic injury

"Sickled" shaped cells

Extrinsic

Drugs, toxins, antibodies

Retention of iron and other byproducts

Increased erythropoiesis

Hyperactive bone marrow

Increased reticulocytes

Iron deficiency anemia

Dietary deficiency

Mostly derived from meat

Vegetarians and deprived populations

Loss of iron

Bleeding

GI

Menstruation

Pregnant women have increased iron needs

Increased demand

Children have increased demand due to growth

Maternal deficiency

Dietary deficiency

Cows milk has low absorbable iron

Iron is reused to form new RBC

Decreased iron = decreased O2 capacity

S/S

Epithelial atrophy

waxy pallor

Brittle hair and nails

Spoon shaped finger deformity

Aplastic anemia

Dysfunction bone marrow

Can't replace RBC that have been destroyed

Radiation, chemicals and toxins

Hematopoiesis

Chemo

Benzene

Chloramphenicol

Hepatitis, AIDs,

S/S

Increased bleeding

Decreased platelet level

Nose

Vagina

GI tract

Gums

Chronic disease anemia

CKD

Dyfunctional kidneys

Decreased erythropoietin

AIDS

Osteomylitis

Dysfunction bone marrow

Autoimmune

T-cell activation

Suppress erythropoietin

Bone marrow

Pluripotent stem cells

Erythroblasts

Reticulocyte

Released into blood stream to mature

Mature RBC = erythrocyte

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Essential for DNA synthesis

Normal RBC maturation

Malabsorption

Mainly absorbed in the gut

Deficiency

Pernicious anemia

Atrophic gastritis

Failure to absorb B12

Long term PPI

Metformin

Gastric bypass

Gastrectomy

Megaloblastic

Large RBC

Excess cytoplasmic growth

Oval

Immature nuclei

Flimsy membranes

Short life span

S/S

Neuro changes

Demylination

Paresthesia

Ataxia

Folic acid deficiency anemia

Malnutrition

Very similar to Vit B12 deficiency

NO neuro s/s