Ways to categorize LLS
Rubin (1981)
Direct Strategies
Cognitive Strategies
Metacognitive Strategies
Indirect Strategies
Social Strategies
Communication Strategies
Stern (1983)
Management and Planning Strategies
Cognitive Strategies
Communication and Experiantial Strategies
Interpersonal Strategies
Affective Strategies
O'Malley & Chamot (1985)
Metacognitive Strategies
Cognitive Strategies
Socioaffective Strategies
Oxford (1990)
Direct Strategies
Indirect Strategies
Mohamed Amin (2000)
Social
Metacognitive
Affective
Remembering
Test Preparation