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par salma ahmed

Sodium Chloride

par Deka Fouad

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par Rosah García

SUN

par Сумайя Сумайя

Bonds

Hydrophobic bonds

It is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous solution.

For example,fats

Dipole-dipole bonds

It uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges.

For example,O2

Non Polar bonds

It is the equal sharing of the bond electrons, because electronegativities of the two atoms are equal.

For example,H2

Polar bonds

It is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to have a slight electrical dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative.

For example,HCL

Peptide bond

It is a covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.

Ionic bonds

It is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. The ions are atoms that have gained one or more electrons (known as anions) and atoms that have lost one or more electrons (known as cations).

NaCl is an example. Na loses an electron and thus is called a cation and Cl gains an electron thus is called an anion

Covalent bonds

It is an intramolecular interaction in which two atoms share electrons to fill their outer electron shell.

For example hydrogen. Its outer shell is capable of holding two electrons, but a single hydrogen atom has only a single electron. By bonding with another hydrogen atom, each can complete its outer shell and achieve stability by sharing the two electrons

Hydrogen bonds

It is the electrostatic attraction between polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.

2 water molecules interacting with each other.

Glycosidic bonds

It is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group.

An example is bonding glucose with glucose forming maltose