Chapter 16 C-Map

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Chapter 16 C-Map

Sexual Dimorphism

males and females differ in saze and other traits

Sexual Selection

adaptive changes in males and females that lead to and increased ability to secure a mate.

Disruptive Selection

escribes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values

Directional Selection

a force in nature that causes a population to evolve towards one end of a trait spectrum

Stabalizing Selection

a type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value

Polygentic

relating to or determined by polygenes

Assortative mating

individuals with similar phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern

Nonrandom Mating

when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals

Inbreeding

mating between relatives, because after a few generations only a few, if any, unrelated mates are available

Founder Effect

similar to a bottleneck effect except that genetic variation is lost when a few individuals break away from a large population to found a new population

Bottleneck Effect

a special type of genetic drift where the loss of genetic diversity is from natural disasters

Genetic Drift

variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce

Reproductive Isolation

incapable of inheriting

Gene Flow

the movement of alleles between populations

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

a stable, non-evolving state

Allele Frequency

the proportion of each allele in a populations gene pool

Gene Pool

the alleles of all genes in all individuals in a population

Population Genetics

the field of biology that studies the diversity of populations at the level of gene.

Microevolution

evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period

Population

a group of organisms of a single species living together in the same geographical area