Catégories : Tous - marketing - marca - diferenciación - estrategia

par Albert Martín Salas Il y a 4 années

763

ESTRATEGIAS DE MARKETING APLICABLES A LA POLITICA DE PRODUCTO EN LOS MERCADOS INTERNACIONALES

Al abordar el marketing de productos en mercados internacionales, las empresas deben considerar diversas estrategias como la concentración o estandarización de productos, que pueden incluir un producto universal o la adaptación de productos para mercados específicos.

ESTRATEGIAS DE MARKETING APLICABLES A LA POLITICA DE PRODUCTO EN LOS MERCADOS INTERNACIONALES

ESTRATEGIAS DE MARKETING APLICABLES A LA POLITICA DE PRODUCTO EN LOS MERCADOS INTERNACIONALES

Rivers have always been essential for human life and settlement. A source for drinking, the source of food, and a way to transfer goods from one place to another. They are essential in the environment of rainforest and wetlands.

Creacion de nuevos productos

There are four major rivers in Africa: the Nile, the Zambezi, the Congo, and the Niger. The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.

The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls. Other notable falls include the Chavuma Falls at the border between Zambia and Angola, and Ngonye Falls, near Sioma in Western Zambia.

Las personas informadas

The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The area of its basin is 1,390,000 square km.

The 2,574-km-long river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.
Major tributaries: Chifumage River, Luena River, Kabompo River, Lungwebungu River, Luanginga River, Gwayi River, Sengwa River, Sanyati River, Kafue River, Luangwa River, Panhane River, Luia River.

Seguidores

Where is the place where Zambezi drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

Rezagados

Mayoría tardía

Mayoría temprana

Primeros adoptadores

Innovadores

Where is the original point from which Zambezi flows? Type in the answer.

Las personas desinformadas

The Nile, which is about 6,650 km long, covers eleven countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt.

It has two major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile is the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

Diversificación de productos

The Yangtze holds the title of Asia’s longest river. The Yangtze has a momentous place in China’s history and culture, providing some of the country’s most fertile land as well as some of its most artistically inspiring scenery.

Where the Mekong river runs, the land is incredibly verdant shaping one of the richest areas of biodiversity on the planet. Thousands of species call its shores and waters home. Long an essential trade route the Mekong passes through, or close to, some of the region’s most important cities, including Vientiane, Phnom Penh and Saigon.

Crecimiento diversificado
Estrategia de diversificación en conglomerados

Adidas. Durante muchos años esta empresa se dedicó a la confección y comercialización de ropa deportiva. Poco tiempo después diversificaría su producto. Aquí lanzó sus nuevos productos de perfumería: colonias, desodorantes o perfumes. Asimismo, también adoptó la tecnología como otro producto incorporando a su catálogo la venta de relojes.

Estrategia de diversificacion horizontal

Un ejemplo de diversificación horizontal es el caso de PepsiCo, su diversificación con los snacks le ha permitido hacer frente a Coca-cola y tener a día de hoy 22 marcas de aperitivos: Doritos, Frito-Lay y Boca Bits

Eestrategia de diversificacion concentrica

Perfumes Antonio Banderas. En un principio se crearon colonias para hombre. Más tarde se incorporaron las fragancias para mujeres con lo que se elevaron las ventas y se captó al mercado femenino.

Crecimiento integrado

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. Its estimated length is 4,350 km.

From the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through China's Yunnan Province, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
The Mekong rises as the Za Qu and soon becomes known as the Lancang (Lantsang) in the 'Three Rivers Source Area' on the Tibetan Plateau in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. It approaches and empties into the sea through the Mekong Delta. Tributaries: Nam Khan, Tha, Nam Ou, Mun, Tonle Sap, Kok, Ruak.

crecimiento integrado horizontal

Mekong River has many tributaries. Type in at least 3 of its affluents.

Tributary

Crecimiento integrado vertical
Crecimiento intensivo

The Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country (Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai provinces). It rises in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau and flows 6,300 km in a generally easterly direction to the East China Sea.

Tributaries: Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han, Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan, Huangpu.
In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads, and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the river.

4. Estrategias de diversificacion

Where is the place where Yangtze drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

Estrategias de desarrollo de productos

Where is the original point from which Yangtze flows? Type in the answer.

Estrategias de desarrollo de mercados

Try to state the length either in miles or in kilometers.

Estrategias de penetración de mercados

Yangtze River flows through 9 provinces in China. Type at least 5 of them.

ESTTRATEGIAS

Concentración o estandarización de productos

The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The waters of the Volga are used to irrigate the steppe regions of southern Russia. Because of its importance in the country, the Volga has mythological status in Russia, and many iconic sites are found along its banks

The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe. Travelers can experience many of the river's sights by embarking on a cruise along its waterways. Danube River Cruises, which are offered by Viking Cruises, typically stop in Cologne, Budapest, Nuremberg, Belgrade and Krems. Following the river is a way to experience several Eastern European cities in one trip. Famous monuments, such as the Hungarian Parliament, have been erected on its coast.

Producto adaptado al pais mercado
Producto modificado
Producto universal

The Volga is the longest river in Europe with a catchment area of 1,350,000 square km.
Eleven of the twenty largest cities of Russia, including the capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. Rising in the Valdai Hills 225 meters above sea level northwest of Moscow and about 320 km southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea.
Tributaries: Kama, Oka, Vetluga, and Sura. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometers and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers.

Estrategias basadas en un denominador comun

This is the place where it drains into a larger body of water - another river, a lake, the sea or the ocean.

Estrategia basada en prototipo

The source of a river, also called headwaters, is the original point from which the river flows. Type in Volga's source.

Estrategia de extension del producto

Diferenciacion del producto

El etiquetado
Consumo especifico y tipo de combustible
Potencia máxima, tensión de alimentación y consumo energético
Lugar de procedencia u origen
Identificación de la entidad o entidades responsables del producto
Lote de fabricacion
Características esenciales del producto

Peligrosidad o condiciones de seguridad

Manejo

Uso y mantenimiento

Consejos sobre su instalación

Advetencias

Instrucciones

Contenido neto del producto expresado en unidades masa o volumen
Plazo recomendado para su uso o consumo
Composición
Nombre o denominación usual o comercial del producto
El envase
Contribución a la facilitación del uso del producto
Protección del contenido
Facilitacion de la comercializacion del producto
Comunicacion
Identificacion y diferrenciacion del producto
La marca
Antendiando a distancias legales

Creación de una marca global en los mercados internacionales

Establecimiento de alianzas temporales con marcas con una fuerte implantación en los mercados internacionales

Extensión gradual de la marca nacional actual en el resto de los mercados internacionales

Adquisición de marcas locales para su integración posterior dentro de una estrategia de marca única

Lanzamiento de una marac unica de forma simultanea en varios paises mercado

Estrategias de MIN en las marcas

Estrategia de múltiples marcas

Marca compartida o Co-Branding

Nestlé + Coca-Cola= Nestea

Estrategia de marcas por lineas, con el apoyo del nombre de la organizacion

Estrategia de segundas marcas

Estrategia de marca unica

Marca comunitaria

Marca intenacional

Marca de garantia

Marca colectiva

Marca de producto o servicio

Atendiendo a las dimensiones operativas

Marca vertical

Marca de distribuidor

Mercadona

Marca de fabricante

Elementos

Logotipo

Emblema

Nombre