Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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Types of Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

B Cells

Origin/Activation of B Cells

Originates also in the bone marrow

Stays in the bone marrow to mature

Functions of B Cells

Develop memory cells that can be used in future infections

Make antibodies against antigens, thereby performing as an Antigen-Presenting Cell (APCs)

Types of B Cells

Memory B

Plasma B

T Cells

Origin/Activation of T Cells

Originates in the bone marrow

In order to develop into mature T-Cells the immature must travel to the thymus

Functions of T Cells

Maintains immunological tolerance - not attacking self cells

Activate cytotoxic T cells and macrophages

Destroy virally infected cells through CD8 and MHC-I

Assist other white blood cells in immunological maturation (i.e. B cells into plasma and memory B cells)

Types of T Cells

Regulatory

Memory T

Cytotoxic T

Helper T

Innate Immunity

Chemicals Secreated

Cytokines and Chemokines

Enzymes and Antimicrobials

Induced

circulates through the body when there is an infection

Functions of Induced Immunity

Take on a more active role in defeating pathogens

Types of Induced Immunity

Complement

Antibody Independent

Alternative Pathway

Pathogen surfaces

C3 B D

Lectin Pathway

Mannose-binding lactin binds to the mannose on pathogen surfaces

MBL, MASP-1, MASP-2 C4 C2

C3 Convertase

Terminal complement components C5b C6 C7 C8 C9

MAC, lysis of certain pathogens and cells

C3b

Binds to complement receptors on phagocytes

Opsonization of pathogens and removal of immune complexes

C1q binds to the Fc region of antibody

C3a, C5a

Peptide mediators of inflammation, phagocyte recruitment

Antibody Dependent

Classical Pathway

Activated by the presence of antibodies or by the recognition of microbial surfaces by C1

An-Abo Complexes on pathogen surfaces

C1q, C1r, C1s C4 C2

Inflammation

Heat

Swelling

Redness

Pain

Invariant

will circulate throughout the body constantly

Functions of Invariant Immunity

Be part of the 1st and 2nd lines of defense against pathogens that can invade the human body

Types of Invariant Immunity

WBC

Dendritic Cells

Granulocytes

Mast Cells

-phils

Natural Killer Cells

Monocytes

Antimicrobials/Enzymes

Lysozymes

Defensins

Histatin

Mucous

Skin