logic and knowledge

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logic and knowledge

Modern logic and its symbolic language

classic logic

How it´s help?

It help us to recognize elements of the arguments to concentrate above all the structor and determine their vadility

Development

it was developed in the nineteenth century by the englishmen George Boole and Augustus de Morgan.

is a logic in its broad sense one speaks of a class logic only if classes are descrived by a property of elements

Propositional logic

Also known as sentential logic and statement logic the branch of logic that studies ways to modify a statements perform more complicated propositions statements as well as the logical relationship and properties that are derived

Quantificational logic

This logic deal analyzing formally valid reasons based on their prepositions

The sylogism in classical logic

Structure consists of four proposition.

There are four types of proposition

they can be classifier by quantity and cality, and each one has a symbol.

A, E, I, O

Minor premiss , Major premiss ,Middle term and conclusion.

The logical principles of judgments and arguments.

Deductive inference

leads to necessay conclusions; part of the fact and absolute security.

principle of excluded middle

it tells us that by having two satment that contradict each other, necesarily one of them must be false and the other true.

principle of identity

the words and statments of our inferences must have the same and unique meaning throughout them.

Inductive inference

we start from various observations made about the same fact or object.

principle of non- contradiction

it is impossible to affirm that a proposition is true and false at the same time and under the same circumstance.

Principle of sufficient reason

to decide that a premiss is true or false , it is necessary to have reasons to support such a decision.

concept, judgement and reasoning

By the evaloution we start to reasoning.

capacity to speech.

Animal

use to different codes to communicate.

Human

use different codes to communicate.

reason and thought

capacirty to formulate a judgement and arguments