par Manuela Benadusi Il y a 6 années
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Plus de détails
Head of the Nazi Women's bureau
High profile film producer
Hitler offered finantial incentives for married couples to have at least 4 children
If couples got 8, they would get a "Gold cross"
Couples were given priviledge seats at Nazis meetings
Nazi's intervention
Pirates helped to shelter army deserters and escaped prisoners
Stole armaments and attacked the Gestapo
12 Pirates were hanged in 1944
Pirates could be arrested or ignored
Future workers and soldiers were needed
Gestapo broke up 28 groups containing 739 in 1942
Much freer towards sex
Sang songs to mock Germany
Aged between 14 and 17
Working-class teenagers (boys and girls)
Talked about and enjoyed sex
Accepted Jews at their clubes
Listened to English and American music
Middle-class teenagers
Used every resource to make poeple loyal to Hitler
The 1936 Olympics
Great opportutnity to
Show Germany as a modern, civilized and successful country
New technology was used
A new stadium was built
Show Aryans were superior
USA boycott the games against the Nazis
Germany included one Jew in their team
Great propaganda within Germany and internationally
Media
New technology
Cheap radios were sold so people could listen to Hitler's speeches and Pro-Nazi messages everywhere
If poeple coouldn't afford radios
Loud speakers were placed in public areas
Jazz music was banned because it was "black" music. Black people were conidered inferior
Posters proclaming the success of Hitler and the Nazis were posted everywhere
Films and commercials had to carry a Pro-Nazi message
Foreign films were avoided
Paintins should promote the Nazi message
Books should promote Nazi message
High-profile "Book-burning" in 1933
The Nuremberg rallies
Took place every summer
Public event where bands, marches, flying displays and Hitler's speeches were shown
He wanted others to believe this too
Decided what German people should or should not hear
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Hanged in April 1945
Arrested in October 1942
Helped Jews escape from Germany
Involved with members of army's services who were secretly opposed to Hitler
Preached against the Nazis
Gestapo stopped him in 1937
Helped Niemöller
Pastor Martin Niemöller
Created an altrnative Protestant Church to the Reich Church
Spent 1938-1945 in a concentration camp
Catholic Bishop Galen
Wanted Nazis to stop killing mentally ill and physically disabled people
Nazis couldn't silence them
Church must stay out of politics
The July Bomb plot
Some army officers wanted to kill Hitler
The plan failed
Nazis took revenge killing 5000 people
Respected even when Germany was loosing the war
Couldn't express opposition
Consequence
Germans felt they were a powerful country again
Causes
Hitler's success in foreign affairs
Discipline was brought back
Restoring traditional values
Economic recovery
Suffered harsh discipline and random executions
Limited food
Force to do hard labour
Arresting citizens on suspiction and send them to Concentration Camps without explanation
Waffen-SS
Death's Head units
Responsible of
Slaughter of the Jews
Concentration camps
Didn't success
They all belonged to a national community
Didn't had to worry about trade unions or strikes
Might well struggle
Were likely to do well from government orders
Some peasants were not thrilled with the regime's measures
Reich Entailed Farm Law
Banks were unwilling to lend money to farmers
Many children of farmers went to work for a better pay in German's industries
Rural depopulation grew
Peasants had state protection for their farms
The Reich Food Estate in September 1933
Set up central boards to buy agricultural produce from the farmers and distribute it to markets in Germany
Popular among industrial workers
Loyalty of industrial workers by a variaty of iniciatives
Some workers thought that their standard of living was still lower than it had been before the Depression
Workers had to join the DAF (General Labour Front)
It kept strict control of workers
Some were prevented from moving to better-paid jobs
They couldn't strike for better pay and conditions
Workers lost their Trade Unions
Workers lost the Social Democratic Party
Iniciatives
Beauty of Labour
Improed working conditions in factories
Workers saved 5 marks a week in the state scheme to buy the Volkswagen Beetle "people's car"
Prosperous symbol of the new Germany
Strength Through Joy (KDF)
Offered cut-price cruises on luxury liners
Gave them cheap theatre and cinema tickets
Propaganda tried to associate them with Hitler
Important for Nazis
Good workers were needed to create industries
Germans began to feel their country was emerging from the humiliation of the First World War
Four-Year Plan was announced in 1936
Conscription for the German army was reintroduced in 1935
Reduced unemployment
Weapons, equipment and uniforms were needed
Jobs in coal mines, steel amd textile mills were created
Sent men on public works projects and conservation programmes
New public building programmes
Major house-building programmes
Build a network of motorways
Railways were extended
Organized Germany's finances
Germany was a shattered country now
By 1945, German poeple were in a desesperate state
Refugees were fleeing the advancing Russian armies in the east
3.5 million German civilians died
Food supplies were dwindling
Under Arthur "Bomber" Harris, industrial and residential areas of all mayor Germany cities were bombarded
Objectives
Lower the morale of civilians
Cripple German industry
Except for cinemas
Useful for propaganda
He started the Second World War
Eventhough food and clothes were rationated, Germans lived in better conditions that in other countries
War with Russia disrupted civilian's lives
German people started to hear less about Hitler
He was proccupied because of the war
The Final Solution
Was based on the killing of million of Jewish civilians in German-occupied countries
Goebbels tried to mantain poeple's support
By asking them to do sacrifices
1.5 million fur coasts were donated to German army in Russia
They had to
Recycle rubbish
Work longer hours
Cut back on heating
Extend German territory into easter Europe
Unite Germany and Austria
Rebuild Germany's armed forces
Reverse the Treaty of Versalles
Sterilisation was enforced in families with hereditary illnesses
Mentally handicapped
Were a threat to Nazi ideas about Germans beign a perfect master race
Between 1939 and 1945, "Euthuansia- programme" was introduced
Mentally handicapped babies and children were killed
Homosexuals
Were a threat to Nazi ideas about a family life
Gypsies
Considered an inferior race
Most of the succesful resisters were succesful because they kept unextremely low profile and were discovered neither by the nazis then, nor by historians today
Lead the Jewish resistace to the Nazis in Berlin
Captured in April 1945
Rescued by a detouchment of troops from the Jewish regiment of the Red Army before his execution
28 known groups of Jewish fighters
The genocide would not had been possible without
The German poeple
Mnay Germans took part in some aspect of the Holocaust, but closed their eyes to the full reality of what was hapening
Industry
Companies had their own slave labour camps
The Wehrmacht (Germn armed forces)
The SS
Adolf Heichmann devised a system of transporting Jews to the collecting points to the death camps
Police forces in Germany and the occupied lands
The Civil Service bureaucracy
They collected and stored information about Jews
The problem was the lack of evidence
Hitler made speeches in which he talked of the annihilation of the Jews
He never signed any documents or made any recorded orders directly relation to the extermination of the Jews
Nazis kept the killing programme as secret as they could
Slave labour and death camps were built
6 million Jews, 500.000 European gypsies and countless political prisoners, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals and Russian and Polish prisoners of war
Sent to these camps to be worked to death, gassed or shot
Some were used for appalling medical experiments
The able-bodied were used as slave labour
The old, the sick and young children were killed inmediately
Himmler, head of the SS and Gestapo, was put in charge of the systematic killing of all Jews within Germany and German-occupied territory.
Nazis were in controle of 3 million Russian Jews in addition to the Jews in all of the other countries they had invaded
There was a massive shooting
Polish Jews were herded into sealed areas called ghettos
The young, the old, and the sick were left to die from hunger and disease
The ablbe-bodied Jews were used for slave labour
The Nazis used this as an excuse to launch a violent revenge on Jews
Thhousands of Jews left the country
Twenty thousand Jews were taken to concentration camps
Hundreads of synagogues were burned
Ninety-one Jews were murdered
In shools, Jewish children were humiliated and segregated
Jews were refused jobs and people in shops refused to serve them
Goebbels propaganda experts bombarded German children and families with anti-Jewish messages
Jews were forbidden to marry or have sex with pure-blodded Germand
Nuremberg Laws took away German citizenship from Jews
SA and SS troopers organized boycotts of Jewish shops and buisnesses
Marked with a star of David
Banned from the Civil Service and a variety and Public Services like teaching and broadcasting
Offended his idea of the superiority of Aryans
