Supergroups used for Protists

Plus de détails

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par Jennifer Thorn

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Protists (anything not animal, plant, fungi)

roles:

parasites

phytophthora ramorum causes sudden oak death

symbionts

termites digest wood bc. of protists

producers

primary in aquatic systems

found in aquatic and moist environments

Amoebas - pseudopods

membrane-enclosed alveoli

Mixotrophs

Cell Type

Multi-Celled

Single-Celled

Colony

Examples

hairy and smooth flagellum

chemohetero, photoauto, mixo

Photosynthetic

crystalline, spiral rods on flagella

mouth grooves

unique cytoskeleton

mitochondria

Common Ancestor Eukarya

Unikonta - chemoheterotrophic

Amoebazoans

Entamoebas

Ex: entamoeba histolytica

third leading cause of death

found in untreated water

parasitic

Tubulinds

Slime molds

Cellular

move towards food

form aggregate colonies when facing starvation

Plasmodial

extend over its food

consume via phagocytosis

many diploid nuclei

Opithokonts

Nuclearids

Fungi

Choanoflagellates

Animals

Archaeoplastida

Plants

descended from green algae

Charophytes

Chlorophytes

symbionts in lichens

prefer environments with intense/ultraviolet radiation

found in freshwater

Ex: Volvox

Ex: Ulva

Red Algae

most abundant in tropic coasts

Ex: seaweeds

Dulse

Nori = sushi

contain phycoerythrin

SAR Clade

Rhizarians

Radiolarians

symmetrical cytoskeleton = silica

pseudopods "radiate" from them

used for phagocytosis

Cercozoans

parasites and predators

most heterotrophic

Foramineferans

porous, multichambered shells = tests

composed calcium carbonate

found in fossil record

Alveolates

Ciliates

contain haploid micro and macro nuclei

undergo conjugation and binary fission

move towards food w/cilia

Ex: Paramecium

Apicomplexa

Ex: (genus) Plasmodium

need humans and mosquitos

malaria

parasites to animals

most need two hosts to complete life cycle

spread with spores in host

Dinoflagellates

two flagella

cause red tide (toxic for species)

cell wall = cellulose plates

Strametoplies

Brown Algae

Structure

blades (leaf-like)

stipe (stem-like)

holdfast

Ex: seaweed

Golden Algae

Unique pigments

carotenoids

Diatoms

Ex: phytoplankton

silica cell wall

diatomaceous earth = fossils

Excavata

Euglenozoans

Euglinids

Ex: euglenia

pocket w/ 1+ flagella

Kinetoplastids

Ex: tryptosoma

Chaga's disease

sleeping sickness

DNA clump - kinetoplasts

Parabasilids

Ex: trichomonas vaginalis

hydrogenosomes

Diplomonads

Ex: Giardia intestinalis

multiple flagella

two nuclei

mitosomes