Psychedelics
Medically
Used as an anesthetic and in narcolepsy treatment
Used for neurochemistry and brain mapping
Historically
DMT used for thousands of
years by Amazonian Tribe
Activated by brewing rainforest plants in a tea
Religious
Native American Church
Uses peyote in religious ceremonies (nondrug use)
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Effects are similar to ecstasy, is habit forming in rats and may cause withdrawal symptoms
In high doses, causes dissociative hallucinogenic effects, like PCP and ketamine, less likely to cause addiction or dependence
Can cause sedation and memory loss, recreational effects are similar to PCP, also has low to moderate addiction potential
May cause mania, delirium and disorientation, is moderately addictive and there is a possibility of developing psychological issues
Dissociative, distorts sight and sound, hallucinogenic effects can cause trance-like states, anxiety and dysphoria
Similar to ecstasy, causes increase in empathy and affection, as well as visual hallucinations, may also cause extreme anxiety and feeling of doom
Causes dehydration and raises body temperature, can lead to fatal medical complications due to hyperthermia and dehydration, especially when combined with alcohol
Increased empathy and emotional connection, elevates mood and facilitates mental and physical euphoria, can create mild hallucinations like color change and heightened audio
Mescaline/peyote
Color enhancements, euphoria, increase in introspection, can cause nausea and vomiting due to peyote's bitterness
Low risk of psychological addiction, not chemically addictive
Increases empathy, euphoria and alters thinking. Some species may cause open and closed eye visuals
Alters awareness/perception, may cause hallucination, not chemically addictive, but may still cause paranoia and anxiety
Effects of mescaline are similar to LSD
Dried leaves
Chewing leaves and holding them in your mouth
Snorting, sublingual and absorbed through the mucosa in the mouth
Fresh or dried buttons, capsules, dried powder or a teas
DMT
Eat them straight, brew a tea, mix them with other foods
Tablet, capsule, powder and liquid
Snorting
Pure liquid form
may be very potent
Liquid on sugar cubes
Tablets, called Microdots, or capsules
Thin squares of gelatin
Called "window panes"
Blotter Paper
LSD soaked into sheets of absorbent paper with colorful designs, cut into small individuals dosage units
Most common form
Other/Street Names
LSD
Acid, blotter, doses, dots, trips, mellow yellow, window pane, purple dragon
DXm
Dextromethorpan
Phencyclidine
Salvinorin A
251-NBOMe. 251
MDMA, molly
Psychedelics stimulate or suppress the activity of neurotransmitters that they are chemically similar to
Overdose via mistaken identity in general
N-Bomb is fatal in high doses, effective dose is less than a milligram while similar synthetic hallucingoens require about 3 grams
Several overdoses caused by mistaken identity
Psilocybin mushrooms are difficult to distinguish from deadly mushrooms
Death Caps can look identical and grow in the same places
Restricted to veterinary use
Not used in humans
Salvia is federally legal, some states consider it a controlled substance
Peyote
Schedule I drug (illegal); with religious exemptions
Listing peyote as a Schedule I drug does not apply to the nondrug use of peyote in religious ceremonies of the Native American Church
Individuals manufacturing or supplying peyote to the Native American Church is required to obtain annual registration and to comply with all other law requirements
Members of the Native American Church do not have to register their peyote use when used for a religious ceremonies
GHB
Psychoactive drug that naturally occurs in the brain
DXM
Common ingredient in cough suppresant
Ketamine
Precursor to PCP, synthesized for the same purpose
PCP
Synthetic drug that also causes dissociative hallucinations
Originally synthesized as an anesthetic, discontinued use in humans in the 1950's
Salvia
Psychoactive drug that comes from "Salvia divinorum" a plant native to the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico
Unique in chemical structure compared to other natural psychedelics
Not alkaloid, is terpenoid, a broad class of organic chemicals
N-Bomb
Synthetic designer drug used for neurochemistry and brain mapping
Mescaline
Naturally occurring in some species of cactus (i.e. peyote)
Ecstasy
Hallucinogenic properties are less pronounced, mood-altering and stimulant effects are more noticeable than in other psychedelics
Psilocybin
Termed "magic mushrooms"
Wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms
Legal state is ambiguous as the are naturally found in many parts of the world
Ololiuqui
Naturally occurring in morning glory seeds
Not commonly used due to unpleasant side effects
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
Has shorter effects than other psychedelics, lasts ~1 hour
Naturally occurring, found in nuts and bark of certain trees in South and Central America
Phalaris, Delosperma, Acacia, Desmodium, Mimosa, Virola and Psychotria genera
Also found in leaves of citrus plants and leaves, seeds and inner bark of "mimosa tenuiflora," which has become a source of livestock poisoning
Acid, Lysergic Acid or LSD
Developed from ergot, a mold found on rye grain
Opioids
Binds to opioid receptors in brain, spinal cord and peripheral tissues, reducing the amount of pain messages being sent to the brain, curbing the feeling of pain, triggers the dopamine reward system
Dopamine "high"
Opioid craving
Pain relief
Medicinal
Some can be used to treat coughing and diarrhea
Used to treat moderate to severe pain
Drowsiness, constipation nausea, slowed breathing, unconsciousness, coma
Withdrawal symptoms
Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumos
Physical dependence, tolerance, addiction
"Street" Routes
Least Common
Injection
Intranasal
Most Common
Medical Routes
Cutaneous
Topical application to the conjunctiva of the eyes, nasopharynx, oropharynx, vagina, colon, urethra, and bladder
Pulmonary
Uses the large surface area of the pulmonary epithelium and mucous membranes
Intraperitoneal
Injected into the large surface lining the abdominal cavity
Intrarterial
Injected directly into an artery
Local Effects
Intraspinal
Injected into spaces in and around spinal cord
Morphine and fentanyl
Intravenous
Immediately circulates systemically
Intramuscular
Injected into muscle, commonly deltoid or vastus lateralis
Not recommended for pain management, often hurts and opioids are absorbed variably and unpredictably
Subcutaneous
Absorption may take longer than intravenous injection, but provides rapid pain relief without having to access a vein
Rectal
Used when patients can't swallow or intravenous sites are unavailable
Sublingual
Goes under the tongue
Absorbed rapidly
Aerosol
Uses IV preparations in a nebulizer
Causes rapid peak blood levels
Transmucosal
Absorbed via oral mucosa
Fentanyl lozenge
Very expensive
Transdermal
Drug applied to skin to absorb slowly,
may use an adhesive patch
Only opioid available
for this route is fentanyl
Takes 12-22 hours to work
Enteral Tubes
(Feeding Tubes)
Nasogastric (NG), percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy (PEG) tubes, jejunal (J) tubes
Allows for bitter opioids like concentrated liquid morphine to be administered easily
Overcomes patients inability to swallow
Used for drug delivery if already present
Oral
Preferred route and medications
are usually cheaper
Partial Agonists
Meptazinol, buprenorphine
Agonists/Antagonists
Nalorphene, pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, dezocine
Antagonists
Inhibits physiological response
Naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, diprenorphine
Agonists
Initiates physiological response
Morphine, codeine, oxycodone, pethidine, diamorphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, methadone, fentanyl, sufentanyl, remifentanyl, tramadol, tapedolol
Fully Synthetic Opiates
Completely manmade
Fentanyl (many times stronger than other opioid pain relievers), pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, tramadol, dextropropoxyphene
Semi-synthetic Opiates
Made from
natural opiates
Hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, heroin (illegal)
Natural Opiates
Alkaloids, nitrogen-containing base compounds
found in plants (i.e. opium poppy)
Morphine, codeine, thebaine
Societal costs
Loss of relationships due to addiction, loss of support from family and friends, loss of job/income
Serious issue in rural communities
Few treatment programs, low education on drug use, abuse and addiction, opioids are easy to get in rural communities
All of this affects the economy, which can increase the number of individuals using opioids
Economic burden in the U.S. is ~$78.5 billion a year
Healthcare cost, loss of productivity, addiction treatment, law enforcement involvement
Misuse and addiction of opioids is a crisis
128 people a day in 2018 died from opioid overdose
HIV risk from reusing unsterile needles
State
Some states require physicians to report opioid-dependent
Imprecise legal definitions of terms allows patients to be confused for addicts
Permit prescribing opioids for pain, do not recognize the medical value of controlled substances
Federal
Providing opioids to addicts is illegal unless the physician is separately registered to treat addiction
Addendum to Harrison Law, 1919, made it illegal for physicians to prescribe opiates to treat opiate addiction
Federal controlled substances law affirms medical value of many drugs that are controlled substances, states that opioids may be used for extended treatment of patients with intractable pain
Illegal
Heroin, illegal prescription drugs coming across the border
Legal
Prescription pain killers (OxyContin, morphine, codeine, etc.)
Inhalants
(Gasoline)
Street Names for Using Inhalants
Bagging, Huffing, Glading
Air blast, bold, chroming, discorama, glad, hippie crack, moon gas, oz, poor man's pot, rush, snappers, whippets, whiteout, bullet bolt, highball, laughing gas
Fumes inhaled by nose or mouth (i.e. gas siphoning)
Liver/Kidney/Brain damage, hearing loss, bone marrow damage, loss of motor control and limb spasms due to nerve damage, delayed behavioral development
Slurred/distorted speech, lack of coordination, euphoria, dizziness, hallucination, delusions, vomiting, drowsiness, headache
Immediately enters the blood stream through the lungs
Slows brain function
Works similarly to alcohol, doesn't last as long
Liquid that vaporizes at room temperature
Nausea, loss of appetite, sweating, problems sleeping, mood changes
Health problems, inability to meet responsibilities at work, school or home
Coma, death, suffocation from use in closed spaces
Toxic reaction that leads to serious symptoms, seizures or death
Predominantly recreational use among children and adolescents
Some states restrict sale and distribution of substances to minors that can be used as inhalants
Not federally regulated
Meth
Smoked
Gives an intense "rush"
Swallowed
Euphoria, but no intense "high"
Produces effects after 10-20 minutes
Injected
Gives and intense "rush"
Doesn't last long
Snorted
Euphoria but no intense "high"
Produces effects after 3-5 minutes
Addiction, paranoia, hallucination, repetitive motor activity, changes in brain structure and function, deficits in thinking and motor skills, increased distractibility, memory loss, aggressive/violent behavior, mood disturbances, severe dental problems, weight loss
Hyperthermia, rapid, irregular heartbeat, increased attention, decreased fatigue, increased activity and wakefulness, euphoria and rush, increases respiration
Laws enforced by Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act (1996)
Regulates mail order and chemical companies
selling precursor chemicals
Federal Controlled Substance
Analogue Enforcement Act (1986)
Attempted to curb growing
use of designer drugs
Methamphetamine Precursor Control Policies
First began in 1983, banning possession of precursors and equipment for meth production
Controlled Substances Act (1970)
Mounted educational program against meth
Regulates importation, manufacture, possession, use and distribution of meth
Foreign Drug Cartels
Methods
Alternative Air Transportation
Drones
Very little legislation regulating drone use
Chemical Masking
Cartels use chemical processes to change appearance
Can be smuggled in clothes, oils,
plastics, metals, pet food, etc.
Camouflaging it in Legal Shipments
Authorities have limited ability to inspect shipments, especially ports due to mass movement of international trade
Maritime, air and land transportation
Cyclists
Buses
Ambulances
Low probability authorities will detain emergency vehicles
Manufacture and smuggle meth over the border
Illegal for recreational use
Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005
Regulates over-the-counter sales of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (no longer OTC) because they're used in the manufacture of illegal drugs
Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act
Approved for pharmacological use in treating ADHD and treatment-resistant obesity
Named Desoxyn, manufactured by Ovation Pharmaceuticals
Casual use to some extent
Often leads to addiction
Traditionally
Man-made version of ephedra shrub
Ephedra has been used in Chinese
medicine for over 5,000 years
Used to treat asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, cold symptoms
Socially
Increased ability and motivation to speak with others
Enhances confidence
Reduces inhibitions
Medicinally (Methamphetamine Hydrochloride)
Treats attention disorders i.e. ADHD
Other "Street Names"
When Using Meth
"Getting geared up," "Chicken flippin,'" "Hot rolling," "Fried," "Foiled," "Speed freak," "Tweaking," "Scattered," "Spun out," "Zooming."
Meth Combined with Other Drugs
Biker Coffee, Twisters, Hugs & Kisses, Fire, Shabu,Party & Play
Scooby Snax, Wash, Garbage
Shards, Speed, Stove Top, Super Ice, Tina, Trash, Tweak, Uppers, Ventana, Vidrio, Yaba, Yellow Bam, Jenny Crank diet
Hanyak, Hiropon, Hot Ice, Ice, Kaksonjae, LA Glass, LA Ice, Meth, Methlies, Quick, Poor Man's Cocaine, Quartz
Chalk, Chicken Feed, Crank, Cristy, Crystal, Crystal Glass, Crystal Meth, Go Fast, Gak, Christina, Cookies
Batu, Black Beauties, Blade, Cotton Candy, Dunk, Go-go juice, No Doze, White Cross, Pookie, Rocket Fuel
Hazardous Waste from Meth Manufacturing
Labs produce 5-7 lbs of toxic waste per pound of meth produced
Often disposed of improperly
Contaminates soil and water supplies
Chemical-stained cloth and coffee filters, glassware, baking dishes, hoses, lithium batteries, propane tanks, pseudoephedrine blister packs.
Chemical Containers
Acid, drain cleaner, iodine, rubbing alcohol, starter fluid, toluene, etc.
Medical concerns
Heart attack, brain damage coma, death
Increased high-risk behavior and possible suicidal behavior
Grades and work output drops, unemployment, financial strain, homelessness
Interpersonal relationships
Violent mood swings, individual may shirk responsibilities and obligations in favor of using meth
Anxiety, depression, fatigue, increased appetite, psychosis
Co-occurring disorders (i.e. addiction and anxiety)
Inability to self-regulate how much meth is used and how often
Compulsive drug-seeking
Meth used in a binge pattern
Used every couple hours for several days to prolong high
Preschool/School-age children
Significant attention impairment, cognitive and behavioral issues in terms of self-control and executive function.
Toddler
Delayed motor development
Infancy
Decreased arousal, increased stress, poor quality of movement
Mixing meth and other drugs
May lead to overdose
May lead to death
Overdose
Dependence
May lead to addiction
How It Work
Forces neurons to release stored
noradrenaline and dopamine at once
Increases dopamine in brain by ~10x
the amount of any pleasurable activity
Effects CNS
Colors
Impure meth
Blue, yellow, orange, pink, brown, etc.
Color depends on how it's made
and what it's cut with
Pure meth
Translucent or white
Meth Base (less common)
Waxy, gooey oil
Pills
Crystalline (common)
Powder (common)
Caffeine
Coffee may become a luxury
Only Hawaii and California can
produce coffee beans
Hawaii
Land is expensive, so coffee prices increase
California
Doesn't get enough water
Climate change is
decreasing coffee bean yield
Increasing temp has allowed fungus
(hemileia vastatrix) to invade
Causes gradual yellowing and decaying of leaves, leaving berries at the mercy of animals and weather conditions
Coffee tree must have specific balance of sunlight,
soil pH, water and temperature to thrive
Tropical Economical Collapse
Many tropical areas rely solely
on coffee bean exportation
Over consumption
Tremors, nausea, vomiting, very fast/irregular heart beat, confusion, panic attacks, seizures
Over 90% of adults use caffeine regularly
May lead to heart attacks
Withdrawal
Headache, fatigue, low energy, depression, anxiety, tremors, poor concentration
Snack bars/energy drinks
Energy shot, 1oz
215 mg
Energy drink, 8oz
29 mg
Guarana
Chocolate
Dark
59mg/100ml
Milk
20mg/100ml
Coffee
Instant, decaf
Instant, 8oz
62 mg
Espresso decaf, 1oz
Espresso, 1oz
64 mg
Brewed, decaf, 8oz
Brewed, 8 oz
96 mg
Sodas
Root beer, 8oz
Citrus, 8oz
0 mg
Colas may not contain more that 6mg/ounce
Teas
Ready-to-drink, 8oz
19 mg
Brewed green, 8oz
28 mg
Brewed black, decaf, 8oz
2 mg
Brewed black, 8oz
47 mg
Long term effects
Nervousness, difficulty sleeping, anxiety, muscle tremors and weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, low blood pressure, etc.
Headache, lack of concentration, stomach pain
Fast breathing and heart rate
Dehydration and increased need to urinate
Irritability and anxiety
Restlessness, excitability and dizziness
Increased alertness, activity, body temperature
Blocks body's ability to feel tired
Blocks adenosine receptors in the brain
Allows dopamine to be active
Most coffee imports are tax free
Excludes coffee containing syrups or sauces
Guidelines for FDA inspection of samples
Over 1000; 20 bag samples
201-1000 bags; 15 bag samples
101-200 bags; 10 bag samples
100 bags or less; 6 bag samples
No limit on importation amount for coffee or tea
Make transportation plans for product once it enters US
List documents you need for customs and have them handy
Hire customs broker to manage importation
Open credit line to avoid hang-ups, refrain from paying in cash
Credit line should outline ports of entry in US
Designate the territory of growing and make sure it's exclusive for your use
Negotiate contract with grower looking to export to America
Outline payment method
Must be named representative of contract
Process
Must fill out Customs and Border Protection form five days before import arrives
Importer Security Filings filed no later than 48 hours before shipments estimated time of departure from last foreign port
Fill out Country of Origin certificate
Mark Country of Origin clearly on each bag
Not strictly regulated; FDA suggests no more that 400 mg/day for a healthy adult, discouraged for children
Can be administered intravenously, but not common
Usually oral
What it's used for
Medication
Effective treatment for migraines
Found in many over-the-counter pain relievers
Psychoactive drug
Tobacco
Oral - dissolves
Oral - stays between lip and front teeth
Inhalation of Smoke/Vapor
Increase cholesterol deposition
Decreases blood oxygen levels
Heart disease
Heart Attack
Increases blood flow to heart
Atherosclerosis
Increase heart rate/blood pressure
Tobacco Control Act (2009)
Bans cigarettes with characterizing flavors except menthol and tobacco
Tobacco companies and suppliers must register with FDA annually
Must open facilities for FDA inspection every 2 years
Preserves state, local and tribal authority
May regulate tobacco in certain respects
Requires disclosure of tobacco ingredients on packaging
"Modified Risk" claims must be
supported by scientific evidence
Tobacco companies must file an application for a modified risk tobacco product and be given the order to advertise as such
Requires smokeless tobacco products to have warning labels
Ads
Warning label must cover at least 20% of ad area
Packaging
Must be on two principle sides and cover at least 30% of packaging
May cause mouth cancer, is addictive, is not a safe alternative to smoking, may cause gum disease and tooth loss
Allows FDA regulation of tobacco
Can regulate nicotine and ingredient levels
Restricts tobacco marketing and sales to youth
Bans sale to minors, vending machine sales, sales with packages of less than 20 cigarettes, tobacco brand sponsorship of sports, entertainment events, social and cultural events, free giveaways of sample cigarettes.
Manufacturing in US
Manufacture of Processed Tobacco
For businesses that manufacture processed tobacco
For businesses that manufacture tobacco products
Consumer Use
Must be 21
Export
Guidelines
Not sold or offered for sale in domestic commerce
Labelled on outside of package that it's intended for shipping
Not in conflict with laws of country it's exported to
Must be in accordance with the
specifications of the foreign purchaser
Do not have to report to FDA
Tobacco Export Warehouse Proprietor
For businesses looking to export American tobacco
Import
Have to report to FDA
Permits
Tobacco Products Manufacturer
Importers may need this depending
on how they prepare their product for sale
Importer of Processed Tobacco
For businesses wanting to import
processed tobacco to US
Don't need if you already
have Tobacco Importer Permit
For anyone who wants to import foreign tobacco to US
Cuban Cigars
Cannot be imported commercially
Can be imported personally as long
as you have them with you at the border.
Tobacco Importer Permit
Usually for businesses
May bring up to 1,000 cigarettes
every 31 days from American Samoa,
Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands or the US Virgin Islands
No more than 200 of the 1,000
can be sourced outside of these areas.
May not exceed US customs
limit for personal use
May bring back 200 cigarettes
AND 100 cigars at once w/o permit
Over 21
Recreation
Economic costs
Smoking-related illness costs ~$300 billion/year
~$5.6 billion in lost productivity
from secondhand smoke
~$156 billion in lost productivity
~$170 billon in direct medical care
Lung Cancer
80% of people with lung
cancer are smokers
Secondhand Smoke
Respiratory infections
Premature heart disease
Lung cancer
Causes change in brain
Mimics acetylcholine
Stimulates and then depresses
cholinerergic receptors
Both stimulant and depressant
Dissolvable Products
Orbs, Sticks/Strips
E-cigarettes
Pen style, box style,
rechargeable, variable voltage
Prefilled capsules, refillable
capsules, disposables
Smokeless tobacco
Loose-leaf tobacco
Chewing tobacco
Water pipes (hookas)
Cigars
Cigarillos
Little Cigars
Cigarettes
Marijuana
Synthetic marijuana is illegal in Oregon
Legal for Recreational
Use in Some States
Cannot take marijuana across state lines
Growing
May have 10 marijuana seeds
Individuals may grow up to 4 plants on their property
Distributions
Cannot use in bar/reseraunt
5 grams of cannabinoid extracts
72 ounces of a cannabinoid
product in liquid form
16 ounces of solid cannabinoid
product in solid form
May have 1 ounce on their person in public
May have up to 8 ounces of
usable marijuana in their homes
Must have valid government issued photo ID
Must be 21 or older
Illegal at Federal Level
THC mimics brain
chemical Anandamide
THC can bind to
cannabinoid receptors
altering psychological function
Activates reward system
Releases dopamine
Causes high, making
people want more
Alters cerebellum/ganglia
Control posture, balance,
coordination and reaction time
Alters hippocampus
and orbitofrontal cortex
Involved in making new
memories and change attentional focus
How It's Used
Industrial Hemp
Cannabis sativa
with less than 0.3% THC
Production, possession and
commerce legal in Oregon since 2010
Clothing, cosmetics, industrial materials, etc
Commercial
Production
Processing
Retail
Wholesale
Medical Use
Must have severe medical condition
and diagnosed by doctor or osteopath
May have 18 immature
plants, starts or seedlings
May have 6 mature plants
Personal Use
Decrease coordination/reaction time
Lower inhibitions
Distortion of time
Noises may seem louder
Colors may seem brighter
May worsen symptoms of mental disorders already present
May increase risk
for depression
The "high" caused by
dopamine release
Hallucinogenic
Causes changes in thought,
emotion or conciousness
Stimulant
Increases CNS activity
See "Alcohol"
Poisoning
Can occur with edibles
People can eat much because edibles
don't have an immediate effect
Use during pregnancy
impairs attention, memory and
problem solving skills of children
May lead to problems
with behavior
Affects brain development and
establishing neural connections
Attention, memory and mood
Addiction
Affects job, relationship or school
Failure to quit using marijuana
Giving up social events to use marijuana
Routes of Administrations
Topical
Lotions, creams, oils, etc.
Edibles/oils
Smoking
Dried parts of cannabis plant
Concentrates
Lotions, patches oils, etc.
Also contain THC, CBD or both.
Edibles
Candies, brownies, cereals, drinks, etc.
CBD
The chemical used for pain relief
THC
The chemical that gets you high
Dried flowers, stems and leaves
Alcohol
Concerns
Social Consequences
Relationship Destruction
Job Loss
Bankruptcy
Intervention
Irreversible Effects to the Body
Heart attack, liver failure, etc.
Binge Drinking
Social/Physical Consequences
Common Forms
Isopropanol
Used for disinfecting and
cleaning (rubbing alcohol)
Methanol
Poisonous when consumed
Used in fuel, antifreeze,
paint thinner, etc.
Ethanol
Consumable
Spirits
Gin, whisky, vodka,
tequila, absinthe, etc.
Wine
Beer
Effects
Long Term
Irregular Heart Beat
High Blood Pressure
Stroke
Cardiomyopathy
Fatty Liver
Cancer
Reduced white and
grey matter in the brain
Shortened Attention Soan
Memory Loss
Short Term
Difficulty concentrating
Raised Blood Pressure
Passing out
Reduced Body Temp.
Mood Swings
Vomiting
Loss of coordination
Poor judgement/lower inhibitions
Classification
Depressant
Relieves Anxiety
Modified Equilibrium
Slurred Speech
Relaxation
Regulation
Importation
Customs paperwork
Obtain Certificate of Age and Origin
for certain wines and spirits
Must pay taxes, fees and duties
Must posses Certificate of Label
Approval for each imported product
Must contract with an
existing U.S. licensed importer
Must maintain and staff
a business office in U.S.
Must have Federal Basic
Importers Permit
Distribution
Distribution laws/regulations
vary state to state
Oregon Liquor
Control Commission
Also handles marijuana laws
Too many things to list; https://www.oregon.gov/olcc/Pages/index.aspx
Wine, Liquor and Malt
Beverage Privilege Tax
Sale
Some states prohibit sale to pregnant women
Restrictions on alcoholic specials (two-for-one) and happy hours
Business cannot offer free alcohol with meals
Individual must present
government issued photo ID
Driver's license, temporary permit,
military license, passport, etc.
Business must have
a liquor license
Individual must be 21
or older to buy alcohol
Possession/Use
Must have government
issued photo ID
Legal age of 21
How it's Used
Dissolves things
Cosmetics/Perfumes
Combustion
Fuel
Disinfect
Rubbing Alcohol/Medical Disinfectant
Clean
Household Cleaners
Drink it
Recreational
Routes of Administration
Siphoning Fuel
Oral Consumption
How it Works
Endocrine System
Decreased Testosterone Levels
Acne
Easy Bruising
Erectile Dysfunction
Reduced Uptake of Calcium
Osteoperosis
Impair Gland Function
Hypoglycemia
Circulatory System
Poor Heart Function
Plugged Blood Vessels
Damaged cells
CNS
Factors Effecting CNS Impairment
Food Intake
The amount of alcohol/
time period over which it was drunk
Whether it's mixed with other drugs
How often the individual drinks
Genetic Background
Mood/psychological
makeup of individual
Age, weight and sex
Women are usually smaller
and lighter than men
Further concentrates the
alcohol in their blood
Women produce less alcohol
dehydrogenase than men
Brain
Damage/Kill Neurons
Dulled hearing
Impaired vision
Weakened muscles
Foggy thinking/memory
Slowed reaction time
Digestive System
Stomach
Alcohol increases acid content in the stomach
Sever stomach pain/sores
Liver
Free radicals damage the liver
Liver cirrhosis
~ 80% of alcohol absorbed in the small intestine
~ 20% of alcohol absorbed in the stomach
