CHARACTERISTICS
ASSESSING LISTENING
The part of speech is a category to which a word is assigned according to its syntactic functions. In English the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
Micro and Macro skills oflistening
A conjunction is a word like 'if' 'but' or 'and' which is used to connect sentences or clauses together.
WHAT MAKES LISTENING DIFFICULT
Subordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that are used at the beginning of subordinate clauses. Some examples of these conjunctions are: although, after, before, because, how, if, once, since, so that, until, unless, when etc.
REDUCE FORMS Reduce the forms that may not have been a para of english
REDUNDANCY Reconigniza the kinds of repetitions, rephrasing
PERFORMANCE VARIABLES Being able to weed out hesitations
CLUSTERING Appropriate chunks of language
Micro and Macro implied in the performance of listening comprenhension.
Coordinating conjunctions always connect phrases, words, and clauses. They are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
MACROSKILLS Reconigze the communicative functions of utterances according to situations, participants, and goals
Recognize reduce forms of words
MICROSKILLS
Common types of listening performance
A preposition is one of the most exciting parts of grammar. A preposition is used to describe the location of something in relation to something else.
Extensive: Rnages from listening to lengthy
Selective: Processing streche of discourse
Responsive: Short stretch of language
Compound preposition consists of two or more words.
on behalf of, according to, in front of, from across, etc.
Intensive: Larger stretch of language
When a preposition consists of one word it is called single or simple preposition.
in, at, on, to for, of, from, up, after, over, under, with, etc.
Basic types of listening
An interjection is used to express emotion in a sentence.
Think of other interjections!
Recognition: Recognize speech sounds Context and content: type of speech Interpretation : Interpretation to the message . Retention of mening: retaining important iformation
Observing the performance of the four skills
An adverb is used to describe a verb, but it can also describe an adjective or another adverb.
Adverbs normally help paint a fuller picture by describing how something happens.
Adverbs of Relative Time
First principle for assessing - reliability
Second principle - trust
Assessing Grammar and Vocabulary
A numeral is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity.
Some theories of grammar use the word 'numeral' to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner to specify the quantity of a noun, for example the 'two' in 'two hats'.
Any grammar or vocabulary test reveals two or more separate listening skills.
First, second..
Integration of skills in language Assessment
Integration of skills should always be a priority to achieve language authenticity.
COMMUNICATIVE STIMULUS
An article is a word used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object, or idea. Technically, an article is an adjective, which is any word that modifies a noun.
The test taker is presented with a stimulu monologue or cnversation
It refers directly to a specific noun or groups of nouns.
Students are used to being graded for individual work; parents expect to know how their students fare in school, assessment practices should be changed so that they are consistent with collaboration, with a new view of learning and with a thinking.
The breakfast on my plate.
Cautionary Observations on Assessing language skills
Any skill can be evaluated in different ways
AUTHENTIC LISTENING TASKS
The language assessment fildwould have a stockpile of listening test types that are cognitively
EDITING Another authentic task provides both a written and a spoken stimulus and requires
NOTETAKING
In the academic world ,classroom lectures by professors are commom features
This chapter refers to the basic principles and types of eavesdropping.
DICTATION
A pronoun is a word that can be used in place of a noun, typically after the noun itself has already been stated.
Is a widely research genre of assessing listening comprehension.
A reflexive pronoun ends with ...self or ...selves and refers to another noun or pronoun in the sentence (usually the subject of the sentence). The reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.
SENTENCE REPETITION
An adjective is a word that's used to describe a specific noun and to provide more detail to the listener.
Sentences repetitions is far froma flawless listening assessment
The test taker must retain a stretch of language long enoughto reproduce
Superlative adjectives demonstrate a higher level of comparison between entities.
severity
Children can be born with a variety of cleft types and with variable
Create sentences
She is the prettiest princess.
The tas of simple repeating a sentence or a partial sentence , or sentence repetition
Expresses a comparison between two entities or groups of entities in quality or degree.
DESIGNING ASSESSMENT TASK
A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation. The main modal verbs in the English language are: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.
As assessment task become more open ended.
The task tae into account test tkers abilityto use grammatical
Can listening performance be distinguished from cognitive processing factors
INFORMATION TRANSFER
A noun is defined as a person, place, thing or idea. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter. Common nouns, which are general words, such as 'cars,' are not capitalized.
Informations transfer technique in wich aurally processed infromation must be transferred to a visual representation
iITEMS
Are somentimes efficient rubricsfor assesssig certaiin select infromation
DESIGNING ASSESSMET TASK
The test taker listens to a limited quantity of aural input and must
LISTENING CLOZE
Require the test taker to listen to a story
RECONIGNIZE PHONOLOGYAND MORPHOLOGY ELMENTS
Aclassic test task toasses this recognition gives a spoen stimulus and aks test
DESIGNING ASSESSMENT TASK
Incluide making decisions about how you will elicitperformance
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