Canadian Identity

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Canadian Identity

Natives

- In the 20th century, Native children were taken from their homes by the Canadian government and sent to residential schools in an attempt to assimilate them - The last residential school was closed in 1996, though the government still has the right to send Native children there - Natives lost their "Indian" status when they married non-Indians, which meant that they could not go back to their tribes - The only way for Natives to avoid paying tax is to live and work on a reserve, which often have very few work opportunities - Many Native reserves have unclean water such as Attawapiskat

- Natives were treated horribly in the past - Even though Native relations have been improving (ex: not being sent to Residential schools), there is still much to be done (such as help fix Native communities (ex: providing access to freshwater on Native reserves)

Public Services

Schooling

- Public school education is free, though schools may ask for a small fee at the beginning of the year - Usually begins in late August or early September and finishes at the end of June - Usually has mixed class with boys and girls - Starts with Primary Kindergarten and goes all the way to Grade 12 - Must attend school from ages of 5 or 6 to between 16 and 18 (varies between provinces) - A regular school week is from Monday to Friday (excluding holidays, PA Days, absents, etc.) - Schools are available in either English or French - Parents may choose to homeschool their kids - Religious (ex: Catholic) schools are also available

Healthcare

- All Canadian citizens may apply for public health insurance - Most hospitals do not require you to pay fees (as they are paid for by taxes) - All hospitals provide free emergency services - May have to pay fees if not a Canadian citizen - Must show health card, except in case of emergency

Symbols

- Many animals that symbolize Canada - Beavers, caribous, goose, polar bears, etc.

- Canadian Anthem is "O' Canada" - Honors men who fought for the freedom of Canada and its principals (such as freedom)

Motto: "From Sea to Sea"

Flag

- A simple, 2 colored flag - Symbolizes unity, tolerance, and peace

Politics

Issues

Assisted Suicide (Euthanasia): - Legal in Quebec - Many feel that it is an immoral thing to do

Privacy Concerns (Bill C-51): - Controversial anti-terror legislation that was passed as law in 2015 - Focuses on promotion of terrorism and terrorist propaganda - Allows the law enforcement to arrest you if they believe that a terrorist attack will is likely - Different government departments can now share more information to each other - More power given to disrupt terrorist plots - Many feel that the bill is too vague and gives the law enforcement/government workers too much power and information

Justin Trudeau

- The current P.M. (Prime Minister) of Canada - Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada - Son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau - Vision for Canada involves tax cuts for middle class and child care benefits - Often known for his charismatic personality

Government

The main political parties in Canada are.. - The Conservative Party (centre-right on the political spectrum) - Liberal Party (centre-left on the political spectrum) - Green Party (left on the political spectrum) - Le Bloc Quebecois (right on the political spectrum) - New Democratic Party (right on the political spectrum)

Canada's government is a... #1: Federal State - Various political communities form a federal government for national issues and provincial government for local affairs #2: Parliamentary Democracy - Officials are elected to parliament and legislatures #3: Constitutional Monarchy - A head of state (currently Elizabeth II) reigns alongside laws laid out by constitution

3 different types: #1: Federal - Highest level of government; responsible for nationwide decisions (such as immigration and the military) #2: Provincial - Second highest level of government; responsible for provincial decisions (such as education and healthcare) #3: Municipal - Lowest level of government; responsible for the decisions of a city/town (such as building roads, libraries, and parks)

Culture

Food

Maple Syrup

- Many famous food(s) were invented by Canadians Some of these include... - Poutine - Maple Syrup - Tourtière - "Canadian" Bacon - Butter Tarts - Fiddleheads - Donairs - Oka Cheese - Sugar Pie - Rappie Pie

Tourtière

Poutine

Languages

Languages in Canada (Statistics Canada): 2011 - 2 official languages are English and French - 200 different languages spoken as home language or mother tongue - 17.5% of Canadians are bilinguals - 21% of Canadians speak French at home - 20% of Canadians speak language other than English and French at home

- Shows the diversity of Canada - Variety of languages

Religion

Top 5 religions in Canada in 2001 (Statistics Canada): #1 - Catholic: 12,936,905 #2 - Protestant: 8,654,850 #3 - No religious affiliation: 4,900,090 #4 - Christian not included elsewhere: 780,450 #5 - Muslim: 579,640

- Has no official religion - No official church - Variety of religions in Canada - All religions are accepted by Canadians

Miltary

The Aghanistan War

- Provided more aid to Afghanistan than any other country - Helped Canada emerge as a peacekeeping country

- Joined war in October 2001 alongside other countries such as the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia, and Germany - Sent ships to prevent the escape of Taliban and Al-Qaeda members - Provided protection for humanitarian relief - Helped rebuild Afghanistan by spending $1 billion between 2001 and 2011 - Sent 200 military and civilian personnel to rebuild Kandahar - Ended military conflict in 2009 to focus on humanitarian relief

World War II

Some of Canada's accomplishments in WW2: - Helped Allies invade Sicily and advance up Italy - Lead the demolition of the Hitler Line and the Gothic Line - Helped push through German positions in the Italian city of Rimini - Played a major role in the Battle of the Atlantic, air war against Germany, D-Day, and The Battle Of Normandy

- Helped Canada emerge as a small yet incredibly strong county - Supplied guns, shells, ships, aircraft, cargo carriers, etc. to many other countries (mainly Britain), which greatly boosted its economy - Became the world's third biggest Navy and the fourth biggest Air Force - Experienced "baby boom" after the war - Army included African-Americans, Natives, etc., which advanced Civil Rights Movement

Economics

Trading Partners

Canada's biggest trading partners as of 2015 (Statistics Canada): #1. The United States of America #2: The European Union #3: The United Kingdom #4: Germany #5: The Netherlands

Science

Chris Hadfield

- First Canadian astronaut to command the ISS (International Space Station) - Uploads educational videos about life in space on social media (Twitter, YouTube, etc.) - Has made it much easier for public to learn about space in a visual format - Charismatic and entertaining personality makes people more eager to learn about space

Subtopic

Canadarm

- Used by NASA to place and hold objects in zero gravity from it's unveiling on November 13th, 1981 to it's final mission on July 21st, 2011 - Allowed astronauts to perform tasks such as moving cargo and fixing satellites much more easily - One of most the most well known Canadian inventions