Declining death rates due to a longer life span also contributes to the increasing demand for adequate housing
Push - why people want to leave
Pull - why people want to come
Urbanization :
the increase in proportion
living in cities
Causes of Housing Shortage
Migration
Cities cannot build houses fast enough >
migrants settle in slums >
find employment there to sell goods or
provide services
Factors that affect migration
Push -
natural disasters
poor transport
lack of jobs
lack of medical attention
lack of education
famine and war
Subtopic
Pull -
improved living conditions
better transport
more jobs
more hospitals/doctors
better schooling
political stability
Move to cities for better life >
wider range of economic activities >
more job opportunities than rural areas
Migrants that lack skills required for jobs ^ >
difficulty getting jobs >
cannot afford housing since no/little money
Movement of people from one area to
another to take up residence for
at least one year
Rapid Population Growth
1950 - one third of world living in urban areas
2007 - more people living in urban areas than
rural areas for the first time
Asia and Africa expected to experience most
increase,with 14.3% and 12.4% of increase
from 2005 to 2030
Smallest projected growth within
same period of time - Oceania with
a growth of 3%
2.5 billion people living in cities in 1950
will increase to approximately 8.4 billion in 2030
Most of the increase
of population comes
from urban areas
Limited Land Supply
Cities with high population densities may have bigger challenges since there is a need to house more in a smaller area
Cities like Hong Kong and Singapore
may have small land areas
There is also a limit on how much
land a country can reclaim from the
sea
Flat land preferred for housing development
as landslides may occur and cause damage
Cost of construction on slopes
also tend to be higher
Physical features such as rivers and mountains may limit the amount of land for housing
Competing Land Use
Decreases SUPPLY
Land already set aside for one use
is not available for another use
Conflict of interest for land use
another group - in favour due to the revenue
that can be generated after it is built
environmentalists - oppose factories beside
nature reserve
Different uses for land
(may result in insufficient
land for housing due to
stiff competition)
-residential
-commercial
-industrial
-recreational
-infrastructure
High Birth Rates
Increases DEMAND
Birth rate: number of live births for every 1000
people living in the city annually
Birth rates in cities are higher
as higher proportion of
people in 20s and 30s
More likely to start families,
leading to above average rates
of fertility and contributes to
high natural increase in cities
