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Chapter 5: Trigonometric Function

Szerző: Yap Wei Li

process scheduling

Szerző: Qiella Iella

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Szerző: Manuel Jose Martinez Carvajal

Exponents By: Maryyam-Syed Abdali

Szerző: Abdali Maryyam

PC components and their funtions

Optic Drive

An optic drive main function is to read data off a optical disc which can contain items such as files, videos and much more, you can also write files onto a disc as well. There are four different types of optical drives -CD-ROM -DVD-ROM -Blu-ray -Re-Writer Drives

PSU (Power Supply Unit)

There are different voltage power supply's depending on how much your computer needs. Also when buying power supply's you have to take the tier of the power supply into consideration. For instance, a platinum tier power supply will work more consistently and last longer than a bronze tier power supply.

The PSU also known as a power supply for short is needed to work a computer as it uses AC (alternating current) power from your wall socket, and then converts it to DC (direct current) power that all the PC components use.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Cache - Cache is a small amount of memory that is apart of the CPU, what is closer to the CPU than RAM. The cache in the CPU is used to temporarily hold instructions and data that it is likely to reuse. In the CPU the control unit will automatically check cache for instructions before requesting from RAM. This saves fetching instruction and data repeatedly from the RAM, the process can be quite slow as it could keep the CPU waiting. The more cache there is, the more data can be stored closer to the CPU.

Clock Speed - indicates how fast the CPU can run. this is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz(GHz) and corresponds with how many instruction cycles the CPU can deal with in a second. A 2 GHz CPU can perform up to two billion cycles a second, but the more powerful a CPU is the more energy needed to power it and the more energy used the more heat created. A computer will normally have a maximum clock speed set by default, but it is possible to change the the max speed by using the computer BIOS this is called overclocking. But there is also a limit on how fast a CPU can run, because its circuitry cannot always keep up with an overclocked speed.If the clock

Cores - a CPU can contain one or more processing units. each of the units are known as cores. A core contains ALU, control unit and registers. It is very common for a computer to have two (dual), four (quad) or even more. CPUs with multiple cores have more power to run multiple programs at the same time. But, doubling the number of cores will not double the speed of your computer as, the cores have to communicate to each other through channels which uses up extra speed.

A register is a small data holding place in the CPU, a register can hold instructions, storage address or any kind of data.

An ALU (arithmetic logic unit) is a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations.

There is four key factors about a CPU architecture that affects the performance: Cores, clock speed, cache size, processor type

Computer Case

The computer case keeps all computer parts safe and securely attached so they do not move freely, it also allows for air ventilation to prevent over heating

The computer case is to hold all wires and components of the computer inside it.

Hard Drive

The two types storage drives:

SSD (Solid State Drive): a solid state drive is a more expensive than a HDD, as an SSD can be up to three times as fast as a HDD when it comes to the write speeds. The write speeds for an SSD is 200 MB/s and can go up to 550 MB/s. Also an SSD boot-up time is around 10 to 13 seconds, which is a lot faster than the HDD boot-up time

HDD (Hard Disk Drive): a hard disk drive is lot more cheaper then an SSD per GB of storage, as the speeds of a HDD is not that quick compared to an SSD. Because a HDD can only have write speeds from 50 MB/s and up to 120 MB/s, the SSD can be up to five times as fast as the HDD. It take a HDD around 30 to 40 seconds to boot-up, which compared to the SSD is very slow.

RAM(Random Access Memory)

Now a days there are two types of RAM, they are DDR3 and DDR4. DDR3 is the cheaper and is the slower RAM compared to the DDR4 RAM, the speed of DDR3 RAM starts at 800 MHz and can go up to 2133 MHz. Meanwhile DDR4 RAM starts at 2133 MHz and can go up 3000 MHz and could possibly be even faster, also an increase in speed means an increase in bandwidth.

RAM is the main place that holds instructions and data whilst a program is being executed, program data is copied on to the RAM before the CPU can run the program. RAM is measured in gigabytes now a days but was measured in megabytes until progression in technology, the more gigabytes of RAM your computer has the more programs and operations your computer can handle at the same time.

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit

The function of a GPU or graphics card is that they allow the computer to produce graphics and images more quickly, compared to integrated graphics on the CPU. The graphics card is connect to the motherboard then the monitor, this allows the card to accept information from the CPU and send outputs to the monitor. There are three main brands who make graphics cards and they AMD, Intel and Invidia. Invidia is the company who makes the best GPU’s. There are also two different sorts of graphic cards they are 2D and 3D graphic cards, the 3D graphics is best for gaming and designed for gaming but the 2D graphics card is for working uses only

MotherBoard

Having a motherboard with the latest ports is very useful as some Motherboards don't have the USB 3.0 which the transfer speeds are much faster than USB 2.0

The CPU (central processing unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), Hard Drives, GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) and other ports are connected to the computer or via special cables that attach on to the motherboard. When you are connecting a USB or memory stick into a computer you are directly connecting it to the motherboard.

The purpose of the motherboard is to connect all the computer parts together, and make everything centralized.