Structures and Forces

Még több ilyen

Year 8 Packaging and Advertising

Szerző: Simran Lakhani

Online Learning Leadership Ecosystem

Szerző: Moira Barker

What is matter?

Szerző: Selene Weightman

Fishbone diagram

Szerző: Mindomo Team

Structures and Forces

Characteristics of Forces

Plane of Application

Point of Application

Direction

Magnitude (Strength of Force)

Factors Determining Suitability of Materials

Aesthetic Appeal

Texture, color, and finish play a role in marketability

How the material looks and feels

Availability

Cost and sustainability

How easily the material can be collected and produced

Material Properties

Weight

Durability

Flexibility

Strength

Forces Acting on Structures

External Forces: Forces that act on a structure from the outside

Earthquakes: Seismic forces causing ground movement

Wind: Air in motion excreting force on structures.

Friction: The resistance that one surface of an object encounters when moving over another.

Gravity: The force that pulls objects toward the center of the Earth.

Internal Forces: Force that squeezes materials together

Shear: Force that causes parts of a material to slide past each other. e.g. Scissors cutting through paper.

Torsion: Force that twists materials. e.g: Twisting a wet towel to wring out water

Tension: Force that pulls materials apart. e.g: The stretching of a rope in a tug-of-war game.

Compression: Force that squeezes materials together. e.g: The weight of a roof compressing the walls of a building

Role of Symmetry in structures

Load Distribution: Proper symmetry helps prevent titling by ensuring equal weight distribution across the structure.

Structural Stability: A symmetrical structure distributes forces evenly, reducing weak points and increasing durability. e.g bridges

Aesthetic Appeal: Symmetry creates visually pleasing and balanced structures, making buildings and designs more attractive

Stability and Centre of Gravity

A higher Center of Gravity = Less Stability When a structure has a high center of gravity it becomes more prone to toppling, especially when subjected to strong winds, uneven loads, or sudden movements

A lower Center of Gravity = More Stability Structures with a lower Center of gravity are more stable because their weight is distributed closer to the ground. This reduces the chance of tipping over when external forces act on them.

Structural Forms

Shell Structures: Structures which where the outside layer of the structure holds the whole object together.

Helmets

Eggs

Frame Structures: Structures consisting of multiple parts/components joined together. These structures rely on their framework rather than solid mass to bear weight and resist external forces.

Bicycle

Spider-Web

Solid Structures: Structures made from a single, solid piece of material. It has little to no space inside and relies on its mass to resist the forces that act upon it.

Stone Walls

Erasers

Causes of Structural Failures

Extraordinary Load

Foundation Failure

Faulty Construction

Bad designs