The 5 research methods done by sara amin and julia khlaifat

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TOPIC 5: Introduction to Sport and Exercise Psychology

Szerző: MUHAMMAD DANISH HAKIMI NORADZLI

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The 5 research methods done by sara amin and julia khlaifat

survey

ratings

service satisfaction

demographic survey

opinions polls

consumer survey

low response rate

self report -- misunderstanding/ biases.

quick and easy

low cost - practical

qualitative/ emotional feedback

large number of subjects

sometimes interviewer present

sometimes self report

closed-ended or open-ended questions

data : interviews, questionnaires.

no direct observation

descriptive study

case study

reaction of group of kids to violence

effects of divorce on family

studying patient with mental disorder

questions on validity/reliability

research highly involved -- feelings influence results

hard to replicate

not representative

also substitute for experimental method.

understanding factors surrounding object or indivisual

detailed view of phenomena or individuals life

biographic data/ medical history/ interviews/ psychological tests

collecting/examining observations and records

in-depth descriptive record kept by observer

investigation

Naturalistic observation

imposter observing how a group thinks

observing baby's reaction to different stimuli

observing animal behavior in wilderness

difficulty replicating

difficulty coding results

descriptive not explanatory

no control

time consuming

first-hand look

natural behavior/ no observer effect

no limiting lab setting

subjects are not directly interfered with

observes/records -- behavior/ phenomena

real life setting

field study

correlation

behavioral studies in psychology

depression's effect on exam performance

meditation increases concentration

only shows connection of two variables in systematic way

not accurate in cause-effect relations

doesn't prove causation

basis for prediction

substitute for experimental method

shows relations between variables

no need for variable manipulation

description

variables not directly manipulated.

determine degree relation between two or more variables.

summarizing data/ statistical tool

descriptive method

non-experimental

experimental

examples

experiment on water type best suited for plants

experiment on mentos in soda

limitations

some variables, hard to control.

controlled environments don't reflect natural setting

not suitable or ethical in all situations

strengths

practical and ethical in appropriate occurrences

can be repeated several times

can be controlled however

shows cause and effect relations

describtion

done in controlled setting

cause and effect

observing effect on other variables

manipulating variables

begins with hypothesis