EARLY AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

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EARLY AND MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

Type in the name of the book you have read.

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

Take notes while you read the book. Type here the resources, books, or websites that the author mentioned and you want to check out later.

Many divorces and remarry at this stage and start new families again.

When children grow up and their careers are established both men and women are free to balance their personalities so they pay more attention to their inner selves.

Women emphasize expressiveness and nurturance; men an achievement orientation.

According to Jung, until the age of 40, women and men focus on their obligations to their families and society, and develop those aspects of personality that foster these goals.

Type the main events of the book, classifying them in: events from the beginning, events from the middle, and events from the end of the book.

Describe the story visually. Add a representative picture for each of them.

Both approaches are valid when trying to explain the development of personality in the middle adult, since they claim that in this period there is still evolution and development of personality, being a continuous and significant development.

There are two traditional approaches that attempt to explain personality development in middle adulthood:

The life events model: This is the most accepted model at present. It explains that personality development occurs thanks to particular events in people's lives, rather than through age and its crises. It is these events that produce similar psychological situations in people, regardless of their ages.

The normative crisis model: this model explains that personality development occurs through crises at specific age stages. In these crises there is strong psychological questioning or turmoil.

In contrast to the main idea, the theme is the message, lesson or moral of the book.

Some tips to find out the theme of the book easier:

• Try to find it while you are reading. It may be stated or implied.
• Think about how the characters reacted to obstacles.
• Think about the important decisions that the characters made.
• Think about the characters growing or changing throughout the book.

Middle-aged adults tend to interpret what they read, see, or hear according to the personal and psychological meaning it has for them. Instead of accepting what they read at face value, they compare it to their own life and learning experiences.

When adults do not perform well on tests, it may not be a problem of poor memory or reasoning ability, but rather that these types of tests are not appropriate for their age group.

Traditional tests reveal that patterns of intelligence remain in middle age, performance on some tasks improves in adulthood, and peak performance is achieved in a variety of skills.

People in middle adulthood can learn new skills, unless they feel incapable; but they demonstrate an unquestionable advantage in solving everyday problems, vocabulary, and general information

We may notice changes in our physical and mental abilities, such as remembering names or having difficulty climbing stairs, opening containers or walking long distances.

Strength and coordination gradually decrease at this stage.

Taste buds and sense of smell lose sensitivity during middle adulthood and foods that may appear appetizing to a young person may become tasteless.

There is also a decrease in hearing ability, especially higher frequency sounds.

People begin to experience loss of visual acuity requiring reading glasses.

Take notes while you read the book. Write here your favorite quotes from the book.

EARLY ADULTHOOD

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Aspects involved:

The main idea is what the book is mostly about.

Some tips to find out the main idea of a book easier:

• Read the title.
• Look for the text features.
• Figure out if you are reading a fiction or a non fiction book.
• Think about some examples that support this idea.

WORK: Work is influenced by many aspects of development, physical, intellectual, emotional and social.

Young workers are more concerned with how interesting their work may be and what developmental possibilities it may present.

HIGHER EDUCATION AND WORK: The university period can be a time of intellectual search and personal growth; it offers the possibility of molding a new personal identity.

College students can present an identity crisis that can lead to serious problems (drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, suicide).

FRIENDSHIP: In early adulthood it occurs more frequently than in other stages of life. It implies trust, respect, enjoyment of each other's company, understanding, among others.

PATERNITY: This event marks a period of transition in the life of the couple, since the arrival of a new member alters or impacts the dynamics of the couple.

The desire to have children is almost universal Different psychological approaches:

Other theorists: parenthood is part of a natural and universal process of the animal world.

Erikson: childbearing is a basic developmental need.

Freud: the instinctive desire of women.

SEXUALITY: The young adult must achieve:

Determine the lifestyle they will lead

Responsibility and equality in relation to their sexuality

Competence

Independence

DIVORCE: Kersten (1990) states that disaffection occurs in three stages: initial, intermediate and final. The latter is characterized by the desire to end the marriage.

MARRIAGE: The quality of married life has a strong influence on the happiness and satisfaction of individuals. The family cycle is divided into stages that reflect the changes that have occurred.

COHABITATION: There is more physical aggression than in marriage.

Post-marital disillusionment occurs earlier in couples who have cohabited.

BONFOLDNESS: Stein (1981), proposes four typologies of bachelors: voluntary temporary or stable and involuntary temporary or stable.

LOVE: Rice (1993), divides love into five elements:

Altruistic love: genuine interest and concern, giving and receiving are mutual.

Filial love: based on companionship or common interest.

Dependent love: in extreme cases it could turn into obsession.

Erotic love: sexual attraction.

Romantic love: tenderness or passion, intense feelings.

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Type the names of the book characters. Start with the main character.

Draw arrows to represent the relationship between them and if it is possible write on them what they represent for each other (if they are relatives, friends, lovers, enemies etc.)

Personality development is based on two models:

RIGHT TIMES OF OCCURRENCE OF EVENTS MODEL: More stable conception of development states that the changes produced depend more on social events.

NORMATIVE CRISIS MODELS: "They describe development as a definite sequence of social and emotional changes with age".

What are the characteristics that best describe the character? Type them here.

The individual develops gradually under the combination of hereditary factors, social environment and personal experience.

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

For a good development of the language, it influences:

Influence of the cultural social context.

Relationship with learning processes.

Basic aspects (form, content and use).

Consistent use of expressive resources.

Grammatical development is completed.

The vocabulary grows unlimitedly

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT

What is the reason why the author wrote the book?

According to Shaie's model the young adult is in 3 stages:

Executive stage: they develop the ability to apply knowledge.

Stage of responsibility: the individual uses his cognitive capacities.

Achievement stage: recognizes the need to apply the acquired knowledge.

Adults who achieve dialectical thinking are characterized because they are more sensitive to contradictions, appreciate contrary opinions and have learned to live with them.

It allows the integration between beliefs and experiences with the inconsistencies and contradictions discovered, thus favoring the evolution of new points of view, which need to be constantly updated.

It consists of the ability to consider opposing points of view simultaneously, accepting the existence of contradictions.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Who is the author of the book? Type in his/her name.

Physical activity helps in weight maintenance, muscle toning, strengthening the heart and lungs.

Strength, energy and stamina are at their best.

Mental health is generally good in early adulthood, but certain conditions, such as depression, become more common.

In this age group, accidents are the leading cause of death.

Sexual dysfunction, sexually transmitted diseases, menstrual problems, infertility, are sexual and reproductive concerns at this age.

Lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, exercise, smoking habits and consumption of alcohol, drugs and pharmaceuticals may or may not promote adequate health at this time of life.

In general, young adults are in good physical condition.