British Welfare State

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Operating system - OS

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Google GCP ACE-2019

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Layered Application

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British Welfare State

1941 - TUC - Trades Union Council (Congress)

Lobby: Min Health: St. Health Ins. Prov. inadequacy Worst = War

Gov. = Beveridge Commt. = report: ALL soc. Insurance

Brainchild

Sir W Beveridge

Middle class, univ-ed. = social work: London slums / Civil Servant / Director LSC (London School of Economics)

Lib Min = Coal. Gov. WWII

pub. Dec. 1942: Beveridge Report

coordinate: ALL Ins. Schemes min. level of Security: ALL who needed it Rich: buy private Ins. too

State: nat. min Vol. Action: private insurance X rely 100% on State

Aim: cradle to grave Mat. Grants... Funeral Grants

great interest: UK (6,000 sold) USA + occ. Eur. countries

NI (National Insurance) contributions = flat rate: not means-tested tax (collected by employers)

FIVE GIANTS blocking road to post-war reconstruction

IDLENESS

SQUALOR

IGNORANCE

DISEASE

WANT

1948 - NHS financed by NI Contributions