How does asthma develop and what were the factors that evolved it to become what it is

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Grade 11 Biology - SBI3U0-18

SB - 11WS 649559 Louise Arbour SSにより

Environmental Footprint

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Nature vs Nurture

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How does asthma develop and what were the factors that evolved it to become what it is

What patterns of evolution contributed to the propagation of these mutations?

Diseases That Are Similar To Asthma

There are many different types of diseases that can be related to asthma, but most respiratory systems have genes that can control them, asthma is a condition that affects the airways, and there are many similar conditions and diseases that have similar effects and symptoms.

Convergent evolution is a sign of different diseases having different niches, some examples are: Bronchiolitis, Anaphylaxis, Peritonitis. All of which have similar genes that are being mutated and affected.

Induced Types Of Asthma

Asthma is a type of disease that can be induced and triggered, one example is “Exercise Induced Asthma”, as the name suggests, people with this particular variant have a condition where intense exercise can trigger asthma attacks.

There are some exercise challenges and treatments to relieve triggers and symptoms of induced types of asthma.

Evolution Of Asthma

Asthma can evolve into many different types of asthma and many people who are affected can have different varieties.

Asthma affects many systems, the main one being the respiratory system, the immune system, and even the nervous systems, the main reason why this happens is because of a variety of gene mutations and evolutions.

Some people think asthma is just a common lung disease, however, there have been multiple types of genes affected when it comes to asthma.

Variants Of Asthma

Different types of asthma can be caused by a variety of different mutations in genes, asthma, like many diseases, is a condition that relies on multiple gene mutations, and variety of these gene mutations can produce varieties of outcome disease.

Different types of asthma are: Allergic asthma, seasonal asthma, occupational asthma, non-allergic asthma/non-atopic asthma.

Most people who are diagnosed with asthma can have a different type of asthma, and some are treated differently than others.

Patterns Of Evolution

Genes are always mutating and evolving, and that’s the main reason why asthma can have many variants, which is a sign of divergent evolution, another example of a biological organism that can evolve is a flu virus, which can constantly mutate to combat antibiotics.

The patterns of evolution that contributed to the mutations of this disease could be convergent evolution, which is the type of evolution where some other similar diseases could be similar and have similar niches to asthma.

What similarities are there to other organisms with this mutation?

Genetic Mutations In Pets

Genetic mutations and evolutions can happen to many pets and animals, and it's common for many animals to experience them.

Signs Of Asthma In Pets

Procedures for identifying asthma are also similar for both pets and humans, vets and doctors often listen to breaths with a stethoscope, and also use x rays to identify and see airways.

Symptoms are similar to that of a human with asthma, things like excessive panting or shortness of breath.

Excessive panting, loss of appetite, decreased energy, are all signs that a pet can have asthma.

Asthma Basics

Asthma is a respiratory disease that tightens airways and can make breathing difficult, this can be caused by allergens or pollutants in the air.

Certain Trigger Symptoms

Other health conditions can also cause and increase the risk of asthma, things like exposure to secondhand smoke or having another type of allergic reaction can show that one organism is more prone to an asthma variant.

There are multiple trigger symptoms of asthma that humans and animals can have in common, one of them being air pollution, air pollution pollutes the air making animals breathe them in and irritates the airways.

Animals With Asthma

Different genotypes have been identified where it shows similar genes are affected the same as dogs or cats, this shows that mutations in animals can result in the same outcome of asthma.

Asthma is a complex syndrome with many different genes being involved, however some animals can experience asthma as well similar to how humans experience it

How did the mutations arise?

Mutations

The largest and most comprehensive studies of asthma genes was conducted in 2010, it was a global GABRIEL study and genotyped 10365 people with asthma to study which genes and mutations could affect it.

Mutations are the primary cause of the development of asthma, and some genes can affect asthma more than others, an example is a gene called ADAM33 located on chromosome 20p13, this gene is expressed in the bronchial smooth muscle cells..

Baseline Risk Of Asthma

Even though people can have baseline predisposition of inheritance, mutations of genes may not appear to be present until later or earlier periods of life, or can happen gradually.

Once the disease manifests, intervention can be expensive, for asthma, inhalers that combat asthma are prescribed.

Someone who has asthma could also have a genetic predisposition of inheritance from their parents or ancestors that could happen later on or earlier in life, there is usually baseline risk, earliest clinical detection, and typical current intervention of a genetic disease such as asthma.

Factors That Can Trigger Asthma

Indoor irritants can be tobacco smoke, contributing significantly to asthma morbidity, and often, these environmental irritants can exacerbate asthma in those with a preexisting condition.

There can be a wide range of outdoor and indoor irritants that can trigger more mutations for genes in asthma, one example being pollution. Pollution can cause and effect genes in asthma.

Which Genes Affecting The Body

Diseases and gene variants can alter proteins and cause them to malfunction, this plays a critical role in how a particular gene can turn out and how the body reacts to this mutation variant, and is mainly the cause of abnormal development or the cause of a condition.

Many of the genes involved are linked to inflammation, immunity, and lung function, which are all linked to asthma, since asthma is a condition that affects the respiratory system. Mutations to these genes remodels the air ways, and can decrease lung function and increase hyperresponsiveness.

Gene Mutations

Filaggrin is a gene involved in skin barriers to the maintenance of the outer layer of skin, it is typically involved in atopic dermatitis, however it also increases the risk of asthma on top of it.

The gene HLA-DQ(A1/B1), is found on antigen presenting cells, involved in respiratory conditions such as asthma and autoimmune systems like diabetes type 1.

Genes that are affected have mutated over long periods of time and are the main contributors to the disease.