Reproduction

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Reproduction in Animals

XuenYun Tanにより

Diversity of Life Concept Map

Klar Harkeeratにより

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Abdul Samoon - David Suzuki SS (2662)により

Animal Reproduction

Cheng Hong Jiunにより

REPRODUCTION: The process in which parents produce new individuals.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: Usually requiring two parents.

FERTILIZATION: When sperm from a male enters an egg from a female and fertilizes it.

INTERNAL FERTILIZATION: Happens inside the body, all land animals use internal fertilization.

EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION: Fertilization outside the body. Usually happens in water.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: Asexual means without sex.

TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

FISSION: Reproducing by splitting into two.

BUDDING: When the offspring grows from part of the parent's body and detaches.

PARTHEOGENESIS: Offspring develop from eggs that have not been fertilised.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of reproduction is to create new life, so that a species can continue to exist.

THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PREGNANCY

BIRTH

LABOUR: Labour is the process leading to birth, the first signs of labour are usually pain in the abodemen, caused by the uterus contracting and relaxing.

GESTATION: This is the period in which the baby develops in the uterus.

THE FOETUS: When the embryo has reached about 9 weeks, it becomes a foetus. By now, most of the major organs and systems have formed.

THE EMBRYO: A child at the very early stages of development, the major organs have not been formed yet.

IMPLANTATION: When the blastocyst burrows into the lining of the uterus.

COPULATION: When two individuals join together for sexual reproduction, it is more known as sexual intercourse.

When they do encounter an egg, the sperm swarm all over its surface,then one sperm breaks its head into the egg, and its tail breaks off, the egg's surface immediately becomes hard, preventing any other sperm from entering. The egg is now fertilized.

The sperm pass through the cervix, and swim through the uterus into the fallopian tube. Most of the sperm doesn't make the journey, leaving other sperm to have a chance at finding an egg.

EJACULATION: During ejactulation the penis would be rubbing against the vagina, which causes sperm to be squeezed out of the penis and deposited near the cervix.

The penis becoms stiff and erects, it is then inserted into the vagina.

PUBERTY: The time of life in humans when physical changes bring sexual maturity.

FEMALES

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CHANGES IN FEMALES

Widening of hips, body odour, acne, the first period.

The Menstrual Cycle

If the egg is not fertilized, it will break apart. Then, the thickened lining of the uterus is shed during the menstrual period.

Breasts begin to enlarge, hair growth, increase in height.

MALES

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

CHANGES IN MALES

Sudden increase in height and chest capacity, acne, body odour.

Voice breaking, hair growth, increased muscle and bone growth and strength.

Enlargement of the testes, sperm formation by the testes, growth of penis.