Research Design(by John W. Creswell)

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The British Empire

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History Chapter 7

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Design Cycle

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Penrod and Cutler

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Research Design (by John W. Creswell)

Use of Theory

a good theory includes convincing and plausible explanation

an interrelated set of variables

into propositions or hypotheses

variable

(1) temporal order and (2)observation

one variable precedes another in time

independent variables, dependent variables, intervening, moderating, control and confounding

affects or causes another variable

a characteristic or attribute of an individual that can be measured or observed

variables are related to answer a research question

to make predictions (hypotheses)

Literature review

it's the hardest part to write

structure and content are mutually dependent

Abstracting studies

a brief review of the literature

reader to understand the basic features of the article

Literature map

build a visual picture of existing research about topic.

a visual summary of the research that has been conducted by others

Computer databases

ERIC, PubMed, ProQuest, Sociological Abstract, PsycINFO and SSCI

provide access to thousands of journels, conference paper, etc.

Quantitative research

Cooper (1984)

theoretical review

existing theory

problem under study

that literature reviews can be integrative

quantitative researcher

literature deductively

a substantial amount of literature

direction for the research questions or hypotheses

results of other studies

can contain 20 pages

Topic principal

to pose the topic as a brief question

focus on the key topic

central idea of the research

in a short phrase