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Changes in family relationships and conjugal roles, including symmetrical debate and issues relating to patriarchy and gender equality within the family

In the 20th century - conjugal roles were segregated/separated: Expressive role of women and instrumental role of men

Two types of conjugal roles - Segregated conjugal roles (separated conjugal role) & Integrated conjugal roles (joint roles - equal division of labour at home)

Criticism of Young and Willmott

Feminists argues why functionalists are wrong about the family being a positive, safe place for its members. Feminists argue that family life does not always function in ways that contribute to members' well being.

Domestic violence can be seen as another form of power and control in a relationship

Delphy and Leonard (1992) - the family is hierarchical and patriarchal

Caroline Gatrell - Men tended to avoid the 'boring jobs' like ironing

Scott and Clery (2013) - more dual earner households meaning women had double shift

Feminist Ann Oakley (1974)

Young and Willmott - Symmetrical family

Why was there a shift towards the symmetrical family?

People's interest in home life has increased

Increase participation of women in paid employment

More effective forms of contraception

Rise of feminism

The principle of stratified diffusion

The husband and wife had more of a financial partnership

The extended family counted for less and the nuclear family for more

The couple and their children were more home centred than in the past

The roles of the husband and wife were less segregated (less separated) - Men spent an equal amount of time on home related tasks

Conjugal roles - the domestic roles of married or cohabiting partners

Family - Two or more people living together related by birth, marriage, civil partnership, adoption or cohabitation based on long term relationships