Chapter 4 (SPS260)

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Chapter 4 (SPS260)

To name your story, you have to think about the overall message and what you want your audience to understand from the story. Also, make it relevant and easy to remember.

COMMON JOINT INJURIES & PATHOLOGIES

The ending of a story is essential. We all know that if the ending is weak, what happened before loses its importance. So make it unpredictable, but fair. A resolved ending answers all the questions and ties up any loose threads from the plot.

Osteoarthritis

Symptoms ; pain, swelling, RROM restriction & stiffness, unknown causes.

common of non-inflammatory degenerative arthritis. Early stage of the disorder. Joint cartilage loses the smooth glistening appearance & become rough and irregular

Rheumatoid Athritis

Symptoms

Anemia, fatigue, muscular atrophy, osteoporosis & other systemic changes

Characteristic

Inflammation & thickening the synovial membranes & breakdown of the articular cartilage.

a lot painful form of arthritis because autoimmune disorder that involves the body's immune system attacking healthy tissues. (common in adults)

Arthritis

extremely common w aging

Pathology involving joint inflammation accompanied by pain & swelling

BURSITIS

This is the closure section of the story.
See examples of possible outcomes below:

• all problems have been solved
• it's clear how each one of your characters ends up
• your main character is transformed by the challenge

symptons ; pain & possibly some swelling

happen when overuse injury caused by excessive use of a joint produces irritation and inflammation of one or more bursae.

Try answering these questions to come up with a closure:
- Have all the problems been solved?
- Is there a clear picture of what happens with each character in the story?
- Has the challenge transformed your main character?
- How do the characters feel in the end?

DISLOCATION

This is the moment when the main character surpasses the last obstacle and finally faces their greatest challenge.
The climax usually follows one of these patterns:

• realization
• resolution
• choice

Type in your answer.

at a joint, the articulating bones shift. Often occur as a result of falls or other mishaps requiring a significant magnitude of force. Dislocations often occur at the following locations; shoulders,toes, feet, elbows, and jaw are all affected

Symptoms: visible deformity, pain swelling and usually some loss of joint movement capability

SPRAIN

CAUSED by irregular displacement or bending of the articulating bones, resulting in stretching or breaking of ligaments, tendons, and connective tissues that cross the joint. Joint sprains cause pain and swelling

Symptoms ; pain & swelling

JOINT FLEXIBILITY

Secondary characters might also have motives that lead them to cross paths with the main character or which might trigger them to help the main character.

Flexibility & Injury

not enough physical activity lessen the flexibility.

bulky muscles may inhibit joint ROM

A joint that is very loose & lax is unstable and, as a result vulnerable to displacement-related injuries.

When joint flexibility very low, extremely moderate, or dramatically imbalanced between the dominant & non-dominant sides of the body, risk of injury is high

Factors Influencing

content synovial fluid

Tight ligaments & muscle will restrict ROM

The laxity (looseness) & extensibility of the collagenous tissues & muscles that cross the joint.

muscle/fatty tissue may finalise the movement.

Device to measure joint ROM

Leighton Flexomete (to measure change in the orientation of a body segment)

Electrogoniometer ( use for monitoring changes in joint angle during the use from different activities)

Goniometer ( a proctractor w two arms.)

represent relative ranges of motion (ROM) allowed at a joint.

ARTICULAR

The middle of the story is where you add layers of complications that will lead to the end. Reveal more about the character's journey. Did their personality go through changes? How did they overcome the challenges? And as you build up the story’s central conflict, make it more personal to that character. Also, from the middle act, you have to lead into the final act.

Connective Tissue

There wouldn't be any tension and excitement in your story if there weren't any obstacles in your character's way.

elastic unless are stretch beyond their limits

Subtopic

both dont have ability to contract but slightly extensible.

both passive tissues

Tendons - connect muscle to bones and ligaments which connects bone to other bones

A story is nothing more than a character overcoming a series of difficulties to reach the desired goal. Obstacles usually create suspense and conflict. In overcoming obstacles, there is growth: weak becomes strong; hatred turns into love; sadness into happiness; wrong into right; lies into truth; or evil becomes good.

See a few examples below:

• stopping a meteor
• finding a killer
• finding love

Obstacles

Fibrocartilage

Your character(s) need(s) motivation in order to solve the challenge(s).

Roles of menisci :

Why does your character need to confront this challenge? What does he/she expect to accomplish by solving it?
See a few examples:

• will marry in 3 days
• can fix the mistakes of the past

distribute of loads over the joint surfaces. - improvement of the fit of the articulating surfaces. - limitation of translation or slip of one bone w respect to another.

Cartilage

Each story has a main character and that character usually needs to solve a problem or challenge. The character's challenge is the one that creates tension throughout the story.

Roles ; spread loads at the joint over a wide area. allows movement of the articulating bones at the joint with minimal friction and wear.

Type in any other challenges which other characters in the story need to face.

Other challenges

It is kind of thick, white connective tissue that act as a defensive lubricant.

In most stories, there are 3 challenges. The number 3 is a mystical number symbolizing completeness. Try to come up with interesting challenges with which your character needs to struggle.
See a few examples below:

• turns into a werewolf at night
• is sent back in time

Challenges

Classification of Joints

In the beginning of the story (or the exposition), you will need to introduce the setting and characters. You might also want to introduce the main conflict. This part of the story is important because it gives the reader necessary background information and maybe even a first insight into a character’s personality.

Diarthroses

- articular cartilage a protective layer of dense white connective tissue covering articulating surfaces

Ball & Socket (spheroidal ) - the surfaces of the articulating bones are reciprocall convex & concave.

ex ; hips & shoulder joints.

Saddle (sellar) - articulating bone surfaces are both shaped like the seat of riding saddle in these joints

ex ; carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Condyloid ( avoid; ellipsoidal) - The top of the articulating bone has an ovular convex appearance.

eg ; 5th metacarpophalangeal joints

Pivot (screw, trachold) - rotation permitted around one axis .

eg ; atlantoaxial joint

Hinge (ginglymus) - solid collateral ligaments limit mobility to a planar, hinge-like movement

eg ; ulnohumeral & interphalangeal joints)

Gliding (plane, arthrodial) - almost flat & the only movement permitted is non - axial guiding.

eg ; intermetatarsal, intercarpal & intertarsal joints

Amphiarthroses

The setting (time & place) of a story can change throughout the plot.

Symphyses

The time of the story can also change. It can describe the event of a single day or can include an entire year's plot. Anyway, don't forget to mention it.

thin plates of hyaline cartilage seperate a disc of fibrocartilage from the bones

ex ; vertebral joints, pubic

Synchondroses

Your story can take place wherever your imagination will take you to.
For example: in an elevator, in an enchanted forest, etc. Don't forget to give details of the environment each time the setting changes, otherwise, the story can be confusing. Also, mention the seasons as each of them has unique weather and events.

applied force & allow more motion of the adjoining bones than the synarthrodial joint (- held together by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage.

ex ; strenocostal joint

Synarthroses

Characters are essential to a good story. Usually, the protagonist(s) is/are the most affected by the plot. Introduce a character by focusing on their actions, interests, and occupation, as the physical appearance doesn't make a difference in most cases.

force that absorb shock but permit little or no movement of the articulating bone.

Type in the name of your character.

Syndesmoses

What is your character's main goal?

the bones r held together by thick fibrous tissue, which allow for every little mobility.

Which traits best describe the character's personality? Choose more if necessary:

ex ; mid - tibiofibular , inferior tibiofibular joints.

Sutures

Choose the type of your chacter:

articulating bone sheets with irregular grooves mate together and firmly bound by fibres

ex ; sutures of the skull