Categories: All - edema - cardíaca - diuréticos - hipertrofia

by tabata cisneros 4 years ago

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Insuficiencia Cardíaca

La insuficiencia cardíaca se presenta en diversas formas, cada una con características y consecuencias específicas. La insuficiencia cardíaca de alto gasto puede deberse a condiciones como el Beriberi o la presencia de una fístula arteriovenosa.

Insuficiencia Cardíaca

Insuficiencia Cardíaca

To name your story, you have to think about the overall message and what you want your audience to understand from the story. Also, make it relevant and easy to remember.

Reserva Cardíaca

Adulto joven sano: 300-400 % Deportista: 500-600%
DIAGNOSTICO
Prueba de esfuerzo con ejercicio

Aumento excesivo de la frecuencia cardíaca

Cansancio muscular extremo

Disnea Inmediata

ES
Porcentaje máximo que el gasto cardíaco puede aumentar por encima de lo normal.

Edema

Agudo de pulmón
Vaso dilatación periférica
DISMINUYE

El grado de oxigenación de la sangre

AUMENTA

Retorno venoso

Líquido en los pulmones

Presíon capilar pulmonar

Sangre en los pulmones

carga sobre el ventrículo izquierdo

Retención hídrica por los riñones
Péptido natriuirético

Ejerce efecto directo en los riñones

Liberado por

Las paredes de las aurículas al estirarse

causas

Activación del S.N.S

Aumento de secreción de aldosterona

Activación del sistema renina-angiotensina

Descenso de la tasa de filtración glomerular

No provoca edema periférico inmediato
17 a 13 mmHg
P. AURÍCULA DERECHA SE ELEVA
P, AORTICA DISMINUYE

Shock Cardiogénico

El corazón se vuelve incapaz de bombear ni si quiera una mínima cantidad del flujo sanguíneo necesario para mantenerse vivo.

Cateterismo de la arteria coronaria bloqueada.

Utiliza la infusión de sangre total, plasma o un fármaco hipertensor

La digital para reforzar el corazón

Circulo vicioso

Debilita al corazón

Reduce el aporte sanguíneo coronario

Presión arterial baja

Insuficiencia Cardíaca Izquierda Unilateral

Muerte por ahogamiento: 20-30 min
Presión capilar Aumenta a 28 mmHg
Edema de pulmón y congestión vascular pulmonar
Sigue bombeando igual el lado derecho
Fracasa el lado izquierdo
Tratamiento
Cardiotónicos

Mecanismo de acción

Aumenta la fuerza del miocardio del 50 al 100%

Aumento de la concentración de calcio intracelular

Disminución de la Bomba de Sodio-Calcio

Aumenta la concentración intracelular de sodio

Inhibición de la Bomba Na-K ATPasa

Diuréticos

Logra el equilibrio entre ingestión y eliminación de líquidos

Aumenta la excreción renal

Análisis gráfico de la insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada
Punto F

Disminución Frecuencia Cardíaca

Día 2

Día 1

Estimulación simpática máxima

Situación antes de cualquier compensación

Recuperación del corazón tras infarto

The ending of a story is essential. We all know that if the ending is weak, what happened before loses its importance. So make it unpredictable, but fair. A resolved ending answers all the questions and ties up any loose threads from the plot.

Curva de gasto cardíaco después de la recuperación parcial

This is the closure section of the story.
See examples of possible outcomes below:

Punto D

Recuperación Parcial

Punto C

S.N. Simpático

Punto B

Try answering these questions in order for you to come up with a closure:
- Have all problems been solved?
- Is it clear what happens with all your characters in the story?
- Has the challenged transformed your main character?
- How do the characters feel in the end?

Daño al corazón

Punto A

Try answering these questions to come up with a closure:
- Have all the problems been solved?
- Is there a clear picture of what happens with each character in the story?
- Has the challenge transformed your main character?
- How do the characters feel in the end?

Normal

Estado final de recuperación en 5-7 semanas

This is the moment when the main character surpasses the last obstacle and finally faces their greatest challenge.
The climax usually follows one of these patterns:


Type in your answer.

Recuperación dependiente del tipo de daño
Se hipertrofia la porción no dañada de la musculatura del corazón
Genera un nuevo aporte de sangre colateral

Retención Hídrica

The middle of the story is where you add layers of complications that will lead to the end. Reveal more about the character's journey. Did their personality go through changes? How did they overcome the challenges? And as you build up the story’s central conflict, make it more personal to that character. Also, from the middle act, you have to lead into the final act.

Efectos Negativos

Your character(s) need(s) motivation in order to solve the challenge(s).

Sobreestiramiento del corazón

Secondary characters might also have motives that lead them to cross paths with the main character or which might trigger them to help the main character.

Aumento de carga de trabajo

Why does your character need to confront this challenge? What does he/she expect to accomplish by solving it?
See a few examples:

Filtración de líquido hacia los pulmones
Desarrollo de un edema extenso en la mayor parte del cuerpo

Secondary characters also might have motivs beacuse of which they may cross path with main character or which might trigger them to help the main character.

Aumento del retorno venoso

Each story has a main character and that character usually needs to solve a problem or challenge. The character's challenge is the one that creates tension throughout the story.

Distiende las venas

Type in any other challenges which other characters in the story need to face.

Reduce la resistencia venosa

Aumenta la presión media de llenado sistémico

In most stories, there are 3 challenges. The number 3 is a mystical number symbolizing completeness. Try to come up with interesting challenges with which your character needs to struggle.
See a few examples below:

Flujo venoso hacia el corazón

Tipos

Insuficiencia Cardíaca de alto gasto
Beriberi
Fístula Arteriovenosa
Insuficiencia Cardíaca Descompensada
Es un daño estructural que produce disminución de la fuerza contráctil del corazón

NO compatible con la vida

Insuficiencia Cardíaca Compensada
Es la normalización del gasto cardíaco en presencia de insuficiencia cardíaca

Compensado por el sistema nerviosos simpático

Es una afección en la cual el corazón ya no puede bombear sangre suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades del organismo

In the beginning of the story (or the exposition), you will need to introduce the setting and characters. You might also want to introduce the main conflict. This part of the story is important because it gives the reader necessary background information and maybe even a first insight into a character’s personality.

EFECTOS

The setting (time & place) of a story can change throughout the plot.

Estimulación Simpática aumenta

Sensory details include sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. These details are important because they create depth in your setting.
See a few examples below:

Presión de la aurícula derecha

Fluido de sangre al corazón

Presión media de llenado

Retorno Venoso

Fase Crónica

Disminución de la presión arterial

Producción de la orina

Anuria: Disminución del gasto cardíaco

Aumento del volumen de sangre que duran horas o días

Grados variables de recuperación del corazón

Retención hídrica en los riñones

Corazón y vasculatura periférica

The weather is an important element in your story because it can highly influence the ambiance and the mood of the characters.

Compensa parcialmente al musculo no funcional

Decide if you want to include an element of nature in your story. For example, a rainbow can be a very nice choice for a happy ending. The mist in a story can represent mystery and secrets. A thunder can appear in the background at the moment when the 'bad guy' of the story makes its appearance, etc.

Refuerza la musculatura dañada

Does your story include catastrophic weather? See a few suggestions below or add your own:
- hurricane, earthquake, storm, etc

Compensación por reflejos nerviosos simpáticos

The time of the story can also change. It can describe the event of a single day or can include an entire year's plot. Anyway, don't forget to mention it.

Reflejos de Quimiorreceptores

Reflejos de Barroreceptores

Efectos Agudos

Your story can take place wherever your imagination will take you to.
For example: in an elevator, in an enchanted forest, etc. Don't forget to give details of the environment each time the setting changes, otherwise, the story can be confusing. Also, mention the seasons as each of them has unique weather and events.

Aumento de la presión venosa debido al estancamiento de la sangre en las venas

Disminución del Gasto Cardíaco

CAUSAS

Characters are essential to a good story. Usually, the protagonist(s) is/are the most affected by the plot. Introduce a character by focusing on their actions, interests, and occupation, as the physical appearance doesn't make a difference in most cases.

Principales

Type in the name of your character.

Enfermedad del músculo cardíaca

Add other properties of the character.

Deficiencia de vitamina B

Add other qualities/attributes of the character.

Presión externa sobre el corazón

What is your character's main goal?

fight Evilfind lovedefeat his/her enemyrule the worldmake friendstime travelmake an awesome discoveryOther

Daño de las válvulas cardíacas

Which traits best describe the character's personality? Choose more if necessary:

introvertedloyalkindindependentquick-thinkingadventuresomeidealisticsweet-naturedcalmrisk-takercreativewittystrictfussyweirdclumsyharshaggressivecarelessclingingcowardlycrueldeceitfulimpulsiveOther

Disminución de la contractilidad del miocardio

Choose the type of your chacter:

Protagonist (main character)Antagonist (main character's opponent)Flat (stereotypical character)Round (his/ her personality develops throughout the story)Static (doesn't evolve as a person throughout the story)Dynamic (dramatical change in personality)Confidant (the main character trusts him/ her)Foil (contrasting character who enhances the personality of another character)Other