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Communicable Disease & Sexually Transmitted Disease (Assignment)

Non-HIV sexually transmitted diseases

Types

Genital tract infection caused by the small obligate intracellular bacterial parasite Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia causes much the same type of inflammation and clinical symptoms as gonorrhea

Chlamydia in females

Chlamydia in males

Caused by herpes simplex virus

Type 2

infects the genital tract, and most infections occur after puberty

Type 1

infects the oral mucous membrane

caused by the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Disseminated Gonococcal Infection

occurs when the sexually transmitted pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae invades the bloodstream and spreads to distant sites in the body

Symptoms

skin rash

infections of the joints, tendons, heart valves, and covering of the brain

joint pain

Fever

Gonorrhea in females

fever

pain in the lower abdomin

pain during sexual intercourse

sore throat

heavier periods or spotting

painful urination

discharge from the vagina

Gonorrhea in males

Pain or swelling in one testicle

persistent sore throat

swelling or redness at the opening of the penis

Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis

Greater frequency or urgency of urination

caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum

Stages of syphilis

Tertiary syphilis

damage of the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints.

- blindness - deafness - mental illness - memory loss - destruction of soft tissue and bone - neurological disorders, such as stroke or meningitis - heart disease - neurosyphilis

granulomatous lesions often found in the skin or bones

Secondary syphilis

Symptoms of secondary syphilis include skin rash, swollen lymph nodes, and fever.

The signs and symptoms of primary and secondary syphilis can be mild, and they might not be noticed.

Primary syphilis

a small ulcer called a chancre develops at the site of inoculation.

Congenital Syphilis

syphilitic mother often transmits the disease to her unborn infant

the infant may be born with congenital syphilis

may cause death of the fetus

clinical manifestation

Chlamydia

Herpes

Regional lymph nodes often enlarged and tender

Superficial vesicles and ulcers on external genitalia and in genital tract

Infection of rectal mucosa (proctitis)

Pharyngitis

Cervicitis

Urethritis

Syphilis

Tertiary: late destructive lesions in internal organs

Secondary: systemic infection with skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes

Primary: chancre

Communicable disease?

What is it

An infectious disease that is readily transmitted from person to person

epidemic

A communicable disease affecting concurrently large numbers of people in a population

endemic

A communicable disease in which small numbers of cases are continually present in a population.

How it is controlled?

Control of Means of Indirect Transmission

disease is spread from animals to people

control of the animal source of infection also is required

disease is transmitted by insects

eradicate or control the insects that transmit the disease

transmission is by means of contaminated

establishment of effective sewage treatment facilities

chlorination (or similar treatments) of water supplies

Food

Standards for monitoring the manufacture and distribution of commercially prepared foods

control of food handlers

Identification & Isolation

symptoms

Isolation of infected people prevents contact with susceptible people and stops the spread of the disease.

Immunization

Active immunization

Adjuvant

Substance that enhances an immune response

Exposing a person to a non-infectious pathogen to provoke an immune response.

Passive immunization

Transfer of immunoglobulin from an immunized animal or person to the person to be protected

How it is transmitted?

indirect

vector transmission

Biological vector

Malaria

West nile

Lyme disease

Mechanical vector

Shigellosis

Trachoma

Typhoid fever

vehicle transmission

Aerosols

Valley fever

Measles

TB

Water

Cryptosporidiosis

Leptospirosis

Cholera

Foods

Amoebiasis

Hepatitis A

Fomites

Contaminated inanimate object that can transmit disease

Athlete’s foot

Hepatitis B

Tetanus

direct

vertical transmission

Mother to newborn

Neonatal conjunctivitis

gonorrhea conjunctivitis

chlamydia conjunctivitis

Mother to fetus

Congenital syphilis

Listeriosis

horizontal transmission

respiratory droplets

Influenza

Common cold

Pertuissis

sexual intercourse

AIDS (HIV)

chlamydia

syphilis

Gonorrhea

human or animal contact

Ringworm

Rabies

Mumps

Gastroenteritis

Objective

List the common sexually transmitted diseases and their clinical manifestations.

Explain what is communicable diseases and how it is transmitted and controlled.