Mod 3 - Pharmacokinetics: the study of the movement of drug molecules

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Mod 3 - Pharmacokinetics: the study of the movement of drug molecules

Excretion

Feces

Exact reversal of duodenal absorption

Intact molecules cross the membrane and are immediately ionized

Urine

Active Transport

penicillins and cephalosporins.

slow penicillin’s rate of excretion by giving the patient probenecid

Affected by lipophilicity, protein binding and ionization.

KIDNEY

kidney excretes and retrieves

Re-collects water, glucose, back sodium, potassium, etc

20% free flowing through glomerulus

Transport across lipid membrane

Types of cell transport/passage

Factors that affect transport and passage

Affinity for protein molecules

serum proteins (albumin)

When a molecule that is bound to a protein molecule is going to be temporarily tied up and not available for transport.

Lipophilicity

(hydrophilic) will never get into the lipid membrane.

Tendency to ionize

Urine has highest variability

heavily defined by the pH

Ionized molecules cannot cross lipid membranes.

Oral antifungals are too big to get through. they remain in stomach. this is used to our advantage

Slip through holes

Actively transported across the membrane by enzyme systems.

Passive diffusion

Absorbed through gut wall

complications:

may be lost to bile circulation

may require reabsorption to reach heart and become systemic

much gets excreted w/o being absorbed

capillaries and venules --> Liver --> heart --> lungs -->back to the heart --> systemic circulation