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Civil Rights

Legislative Actions

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Many states denied Black people the right to vote, despite the 15th and 19th amendment. Some people thought that change was not good and looked to violence to interfere with voting of black people, including: poll taxes and literacy testing.

In 1965, congress passed the act to declare for every citizen the right to vote. Federal examners were placed in polling communities to assist the new voters with registration and their right to vote.

14th Amendment

After the emanicipation proclamation, granted equal rights to all citizens. Granted citizens ship to millions of former enslaved citizens. The most important aspect granted was the "right of equal protection" for all American citizens.

Negated the 3/5 agreement stating that all people in state should be counted for the representation of congress. This provided protection for males to vote( over the age of 21).

Supreme Court Decisions

Miranda v. Arizona

The court decided that a defendant must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent.

In none of the cases was the defendant warned of their rights of the interrogation process.

The Supreme Court’s decision included four cases included four cases involving custodial interrogations. In these cases the defendant was interrogated by police and detectives in a private, secluded space.

Brown v. Board of Education

The Jim Crow era consisted of "separate but equal" laws. This included transportation, restaurants, and schools.

The Attorney General ruled in their favor and ordered attorney generals of all states with laws to protect the desegregation process.

The five cases addressed issues in segregation in public schools. The case was defended by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP.