Severn River Bridge,

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1618, Dud Dudley

Dud Dudly begins to experiment with coke as fuel for his furnaces rather than charcoal.

1622 Edward, Lord Dudly

Acquires patent on his son'e coke smelting from King James, though they would largely fail to produce iron at significant levels.

1642,Platt's idea tested

Derbyshire malt kiln utilizes coke.

1603, Sir Henry Platt

Platt indicates the possible use of coke by suggesting that coal could be treated like charcoal.

Severn River Bridge, Abraham Darby III Coalbrookdale, England 1779

1789 French Revolution

The Declaration of Independence and the beginning of the American Revolution 1776

Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations published in 1776

1751 Diderot's first volume of the Encyclopedie is published

Rosseau is born

1762 The Social Contract

Voltaire is born

1750 Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences

1763 Traite sur la tolerance

1738 Elements de la Philosophie de Newton

1733 Letters Concerning the English Nation

1726 Immanuel Kant is born

1781 Critique of Pure Reason

1764 Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime

July 5, 1687 Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton publishes his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica

circa 569 CE Pythagoras born. His idea that the world reflects the mind of god becomes a foundational principle of Newton.

The Scholastics (during the middle ages) revive Aristotelian principles of an orderly world

circa 384 CE Aristotle is born.

1632, Galileo Galilei

Galileo publishes his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems published in 1632, puting forth the earth is not the center of the universe.

Later, in 1638, Galileo would publish his last book Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences (Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze) against the will of the church. This work would explore the strength of materials and the motion of objects, two

Carolus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae published in 1767

1765 Lunar Society begins to meet

1768 An experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump.

This painting by Joseph Wright is an example of romanticized science.

1749 Ben Franklin

using a Leyden box, demonstrates that lightening is electricty

1745 the "Leyden" box is used to store electricity

1729, Stephen Gray

showed that electricity could move between metal filaments

1726 University of Edinburgh

a leading medical and science school is established

Joseph Priestly disagrees with Lavoissier's treatise

Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry) by Antoine Lavoisier 1789

1774 Joseph Priestly discovers Oxygen

1766 Henry Cavendish discovers Hydrogen

1709 Abraham Darby I

Established an effective coke-fired blast furnace to produce cast iron instead of using charcoal. Cheaper iron, its result, contributed to the explosion of the Industrial Revolution.

Coke would later be used by the railways in England to reduce emissions from their engines.