Space Systems

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Final Answer: Systems outside of Earth affect Earth because they all have to do with one another and work together. The earth had so start somehow and people believe that was the Big Bang. Like the orbit of other planets has to do with the orbit of Earth so it depends on what's outside of earth too.

How do systems outside of Earth affect Earth?

Why does an object go faster as it gets closer to its star?

There is more energy and great gravity pushing it.

The order of the planets is, mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune. The ones closer to the sun will orbit faster and the ones further away will be slower.

Kepler’s first law states all planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at one focus. Kepler’s second law states a line the connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Kepler’s third law states the further the planet is away from the sun, the longer its orbit is going to take.

Elliptical orbit is revolving of one object around another in an oval-shaped path called an ellipse. The two points that determine the eccentricity of an ellipse orbit is call the foci.

The further the planet is away from the sun, the longer its orbit is going to take. To measure in AU we have to use average distance because it’s always changing.

Connections- Like a loud sound coming by you gets louder as it gets closer and then softer as it moves away. This has the same concept with speed.

d= rt is an equation you can you for how fast, far, and long an orbit will be. Say you are trying to figure out how long it will take the planet to orbit the sun, you can figure that out by plugging numbers into that equation.

If it’s moving away it will move slower so if it moves closer it goes faster because of its velocity. Earth has an elliptical orbit because if we didn’t, that means we would orbit the sun at a constant speed.

The eccentric orbit has to do with the roundness of an orbit. An orbit has an eccentricity of zero is a perfect circle.

How do stars produce elements?

A star will go through nuclear fusion and during that they will create new elements.

A star starts out being formed in clouds of gas and dust. They will shine bright for many years because of nuclear reactions that happen in the core. Stars don’t last forever so over time they will expand, cool and change colour to become red giants. Smaller stars will become a white dwarf and the bigger stars will cause a huge explosion called a supernova.

Stars create new elements in their core during nuclear fusion. 1 He + 1 Ne = 1 Mg 1 H + 1 Be = 1 B

Helium atoms then fuse to create beryllium, and so on, until fusion in the star's core has created every element up to iron.

Connections- If you mix two different things together it will create a new element.

Stars fuse hydrogen atoms into helium.

They squeeze elements together during the process called nuclear fusion.

What evidence is there for the Big Bang?

Cosmic microwave background, red shift, and mixture of elements. The universe all started somehow and people believe it might of been from the Big Bang.

Star composition percentage is 71% hydrogen and 27% helium..

Light takes along time to travel so we can see very distant galaxies.

The Big Bang was created a very long time ago so if you look back in time it is very different than it is today. Nuclear fusion converts hydrogen atoms into helium that gives off heat and light.

The universe expanded and cooled down. As it was expanding, hydrogen, helium, deuterium, lithium were being mixed and were created from previous generations of stars.

Connections- The Big Bang Theory. You had to start out somehow, just like the Big bang had too.

Cosmic microwave background makes the universe very hot and left behind a “glow.” Now that is visible has a cosmic microwave background and that has to do with the Big Bang. Left over radiation would of cooled by now.

There was red shift of distant galaxies and that means the universe is probably expanding. That means it started as a tiny dot and got bigger and bigger and that is the Big Bang.