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explains
relationship
procedure
final step
background
to achieve
processes
purposes
language learning
design
describes
four elements
teachers
learners
approach
knowledges
Three aspects
resources
elements
equipment
space
lenght
long
short
time
excercise
rehearsals
improve
new subject
understand
teaching/learning
introduce
topics
emphasizes
techniques
Four elements
Instructional materials
Class
run them
accomplish
objectives
Relationship
foreign language
Shapes
T.V.
recorder
Useful
writing
speaking
Teacher roles
modern
traditional
self-instruction
prepared
material
no teaching
non-native language
take over
classroom
guider
facilitators
target language
Learners roles
students
center
education
value
philosophy
important
carry out
Syllabus
programm
activities
tested
progressive
grammatical
structures
ending
difficult
starting
easy
two points
language testing
method
appraoach
teaching approach
used
selection
subject
two concerns
sort
connection
theories
Three groups
Interactional
device
relationships
among human beings
among people
Functional
semantic field
significance
means
Structural
leaners' help
acquire
parts
language syntax
grammatical operations
joining elements
shifting
adding
grammatical units
sentence
phrase
clause
system
components
meaning
arrangement
Nature of language learning
reasons
teaching process
teaching procedure
Nature of language
elaborating
teaching program
establishing
teaching objectives
Three definitions
body
postulates
rules
methods
excercises
effect
linguistic
abilities
skills
language
procedures
syllabus
teaching
Latin roots
Methodus: way Logy: system
Procedure
process
object
attaining
Points
Educational
way of teaching
organizing
students' understanding
Scientific
theory
practice
knowledge
Philosophic
assimiliation
practical
theorical
Greek roots
Meta: goal Hodos: way
Carl Rogers
basic requirements
To Listen to them
To get in touch with students
worthly individuals
To be a facilitator
rules based on personal aspects:
ability to get used to the event.
perception of the environment
concept of what a person is
learning
investigates
way of learning.
the behavior
non-cognitive
effective operations
Frank Smith
Depends on:
human needs
motivations
aspirations
goals
meaningful learning
manufacture of meaning
David Ausubel
observation and recording
cognitive structure
Discovery
Respondent Conditioning
positive consequences
has no stimulus
result of a previous stimulus
John B. Watson
conditioning process
Adopted Pavlov's Theory
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
stimulus with a response.
terms of associations.
learning process occurs.
The Cognitive Approach
Dan Slobin
two groups:
language performance.
functions of language
syntax of the language
meaning of words.
Jean Piaget
Language reaches children
acquired in the environment.
daily activities
linguistic knowledge
through the interrelation
Lois Bloom
It states that:
word order
underlying relationships.
not learn simple statements
The human mind is organized in levels:
Emotion.
Meaning
Thought
Perception
Memory
The Nativist Approach.
Two researchers are introduced:
Mc. Neill
children possessed four linguistic elements:
4) Evaluation device
3) Comprehension to choose
2) organize linguistic data
1) recognize speech sounds
Chomsky
best advocate of the approach:
3) instrument of evaluation
2) knowledge of language
1) innate hypothesis-creating
acquisition of language
children born
innate device
J. Jenkibs and D. Palermo
Stimulus-response patterns
children syntactic patterns.
behaviorist trend
Skinner
behavior of human beings
reinforcement procedures
personality variables
environmental causes
radical behaviorist
Brown Douglas (1980)
responds to stimulus.
Produces in behavior
perceptible aspects
linguistic behavior
systematic process
teaching and acquiring.
sets for learning
guides learning
The learning.
Process within human beings
acquiring knowledge
result reinforced practice
change in behavior
control device
structure of target language
general rules
Stephen D.Krashen
Acquisition
two elements:
Fluency
developed through:
games
role-play situations
formulas
daily life
communicative strategies
obtained through:
meaningful exercises
listening
reading comprehension
Helps acquire language.
Webster (1984)
history of traditions.
constitute a system of :
thoughts and feelings
expression and communication
set of:
word combinations.
words
Webster (1961)
The language is:
uses:
gestures or marks.
sounds
songs
ideas or feelings.
systematic means.
Finocchiaro and Bonomo
language:
allows :
interact
communicate
vowel symbols
