door Maria Julieta Aranguren Hoyos 4 jaren geleden
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Rate of Population is increasing at an unsustainable rate, where infrastructure cannot keep up.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TCmUDs_3UlL2dPd9IfbZ2eCHayhDBAWwL0HSMsXWgUA/edit
Accounts for 37% of the GDP of the country Attract foreign investment data entry services from Australia and New Zealand. 1. Have resulted in medical and insurance 2. There are approx 150 call centers as people know English and western traditions. 3. They are good graphic designer’s
Urban sprawl
takes away rich agricultural land and destroys or degrades natural ecosystems.
the spread of the city into surrounding rural areas.
Pollution
Traffick congestion
Lack of housing
No environmental sustainability
The majority of the problems faced by megacities are associated with their speed of growth, especially in the LICs. It is considered that a growth rate of 1% per annum is too fast for infrastructure to keep pace with the demands of a growing population.
he megacities of today exist because they are interconnected with rich hinterlands, and carry economic influence that attracts growth and foreign capital investment.
With the rise of megacities in the less-developed areas of the world this could mean LICs will become more important in the global economy
Improvements in agricultural techniques increased productivity and the result was that many rural farmhands found themselves out of work. So they moved to the industrial cities where manufacturing industry and trade were booming
The entire region is poverty-stricken and moving within the country or to a neighbouring country does little to alleviate the issues that migrants face. They move from drought-affected areas to marginal areas that are put under more strain than they can handle, These new areas then become degraded and unable to support the increasing population. The only real hope is international aid but that is usually slow to arrive and generally inadequate.
Syrians had no choice but to leave their homes because: - bombings destroyed cities and cut off all communication - human rights violations were prevalent - since 2011 nearly 500,000 people have been killed. - the infrastructure is non-existent: health care, clean water and schooling are severely limited, housing is mostly destroyed and the economy is severely depleted - children are used as human shields and forced to fight the frontline is continually changing and civilians are caught in the crossfire.
Consequences for refugees:
In the camps, refugees live in difficult conditions: - access to clean water is limited or non-existent - shelter (often tents) is overcrowded - there is little or no sanitation - diseases spread in cramped conditions: cholera and diarrhoea are common killers due to the lack of medical services.
Consequences for their destinations:
Turkey Turkey is home to nearly 3 million registered refugees, 30% of whom live in government-run camps near the Syrian border. The cost to Turkey is estimated at US$8 billion and there has been limited aid from other countries to help Turkey cope. This has lead to significant tensions in the country.
Lebanon Syrian refugees numbered just over 1 million in Lenanon in 2016 and they are settled throughout the country. There was a feeling that the political system was being undermined and in 2014 the Lebanese government made it much harder for Syrian refugees to renew residency permits. The result is that nearly 70% of Syrians are in Lebanon illegally.
Jordan In 2016 the World Bank estimated that that influx of Syrian refugees to Jordan had cost the country 6% of its GDP every year (US$2.5 billion). International aid has been unable to offset these costs and Jordan’s debt is 95% of its GDP in 2016, which has crippled economic progress. Approximately a quarter of government revenue goes to the refugee camps. This has compromised the maintenance and further development of the country's infrastructure causing considerable resentment and tension between the local population and the refugees.
Migrant consequences
Malnutrition is a constant problem for refugees and IDPs:
Disease and epidemics are a constant threat.
Refugees lose friends and family when they flee conflict and natural disasters and so they lack social networks and thus support and coping mechanisms.
ften housed in temporary camps where population densities are very high and living conditions poor.
Destination consequences
the majority of the destination countries are LICs, countries that are already struggling with their own development. Refugees depend on assistance from international organisations and local communities and the arrival of thousands (or millions) of refugees is a significant additional burden on any country.
crime rates are elevated in and around refugee camps
refugees may introduce new diseases to an area or reintroduce ones that have been eradicated.
increased pressure on health care and the influx of people can increase the incidence of communicable diseases
social and political tensions.
pressure on public services, infrastructure and the government finances.
Impact on jobs
the movement of people from an area where the push factors are so strong that they are beyond the control of the migrants and cannot be ignored.
Natural disasters, ej. earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, droughts. They lead to permanent or temporary migration of the population.
Chemical
the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the USSR displaced people permanently whereas the 1984 Bhopal Union Carbide chemical leak in India displaced people temporarily.
Physical
climate change is causing drought, desertification and sea level rises, all of which are displacing people. For instance, precipitation has decreased in the Sahel region of Africa causing severe droughts, a change attributed to global climate change
Biological
a plague of locusts can devastate vast tracts of crops and eat an entire season's crop; this happened in Egypt in 2014
- Overpopulation - Few jobs - Low wages - This lack of economic opportunity tends to push people to migrate
migration of Mexicans and people from other Central American countries into the US, where they often work low-wage, long-hour jobs in farming, construction and domestic labour.
- War or civil war - Political/religious oppression or persecution - When an ethnic group in power forcibly removes another ethnic or religious group to achieve ethnic uniformity, this is called ethinc cleansing - Slavery - When a government makes a decision to move people in the name of development
