Enterobacteriaciae

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Enterobacteriaciae

Other

Providencia

Morganella

Proteus

Citrobacter

Serratia

Enterobacter

Yersinia

Y. pseudotuberculosis

Pseudo appendicitis

Inflammation in the lymph nodes

Y. enterocolitica

Rare in U.S.

Y. pestis

Bubonic plague

Zoonotic infection

Bubonic Plague

Capsule

Virulence factor

Inhibits phagocytosis

Mucoid

2nd leading cause

Pneumonia

3% in young adults

Penetration

through epithelial tight junctions

septicemia likely

Hydrogen sulfide

Subtopic

S. enteritidis

Turkeys / Chickens

1500 serotypes

S. choleraesuis

swine

Enteric fever (typhoid)

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Amp

Cam

S. typhi

Can survive inside PMNs

Enter intestinal lymphatics

7-14 days

S. choleraesius

GI-itis

Treatment

Antibiotics

Would prolong the carrier state

Fluid Replacement

Widal

do not penetrate epithelium layer

No gas

Motile

Species

S. sonnei

S. boydii

S. flexneri

S. dysenteriae

Shiga

Inhibits protein synthesis

Epidemiology

Fecal-to-oral

Primates the only host

Blood, mucus in stool

1-4 incubation period

Bacillary dysentery

Escherichia

Indole

Lactose

indicates fecal contamination of food and water

most predominant facultative anaerobic normal flora member of GI

Clinical

Extra-intestinal

Neonatal

Septicemia

Meningitis

Majority CNS infections

K1 Antigen

UTI

GI-tis

EIEC

Invasive

do no penetrate epithelium layer

septicemia unlikely

intracellular parasites following endocytosis by epithelia

destroy colonic epithelium

shigella-like

Adherence

EHEC

Sequela = Hemolytic uremis syndrome (HUS)

Hemolytic anemia

Thrombocytopenia

Acute renal failure

Young children

Bloody diarrhea

Verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)

Fast food hamburgers

ETEC

Colonization pili

attach to microvilli of small intestine epithelium

ST

increased cGMP

LT

increased cAMP

decreased NaCl absorption

Traveler's Diarrhea

EAggEC

Have pili

Adherence main virulence factor

Prolonged water diarrhea

EPEC

"Attaching and effacing lesion"

Nursery outbreaks

Aerobic Gram-Negative Rods

Characteristics

Pathogenic

Opportunistic

E. Coli

Frank

acid-resistant

Infective dose = ~200 cells

Salmonella

Metabolism

Fermentation

lactose w/ acid

glucose

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Nitrate to Nitrites (Red.)

Cytochrome Oxidase

Catalase

Motility

Non-motile

Klebsiella

Shigella

Peritrichous flagella

Spores