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GRAMMAR

CONJUNTIONS

Both ... and ...

Used to emphasize the addition of 2 things

Either ... or ...

You can not do both at the same time

To make a choise between 2 ideas

SUBORDINATED CLAUSES OF REASON

"Because" and "due to" can also be used to express reason with a noun phrase instead of a subordinate clause

Connected to the main clause by a subordinated conjunction

Because, since, as, due to…

Shows the reason why something is done

COULD

Meanings

Politeness

Could you pass me the pencil?

Past of can

I could do it, but I didn’t.

Modal verb with several uses

Suggestion

Possibility

Permission

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINIOUS

+ Subj + have/has + been + V-ing + complement - Subj + have/has + not + been + V-ing + complement ? Have/has + Subj + been + V-ing + complement + ?

How long, for, since

Actions that started in the past and have a consequence now

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

+ Subj + have/has + past perfect + complement - Subj + have/has + not + past perfect + complement ? Have/has + Subj + past perfect + complement + ?

Key words

Already, yet, still, just, never…

Use

Actions in the past → still influence the present

Actions in the past (unspecified time)

IDIOMS

Pocket money

Small amount of money

Paga

I'm dying for...

Meaning

To want something badly

Traduction

Morirse por...

VOCABULARY

Afford, issue, get around, finalcial, easygoing