Matter and The Environment

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Components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties. Ex. Pizza, blood, soil, etc.

H2O

Sample of Matter. with both definite and constant composition.

Changes of the State of Matter

<--- Freezing

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Ex. H, Fe, Cs, Fr, etc.

=

Condensation --->

<--- Ionization

Fusion --->

<---Sublimation

Example:

Magnesium 1. State: Solid 2. Symbol: Mg 3. Color: Silver 4. Element.

Chemical species formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. Ex. NaCL, H2O, etc

Deposition --->

Electricity

Components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. Ex. Air, steel, suger water, rain water, etc.

H2 + O2

Deionization --->

+

Characteristics of living thing

Metabolism

Maintain Homeostasis

Evolve, Adapt overtime in response to the environment

Composed by cells

Develop and grow

Respond to stimuli

Reproduce

<--- Vaporization

Clasification of Matter

Matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Einstein-Bose Condensate)

Mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous Mixture

Pure Substance

Elements

Compounds

Matter Properties and changes

Physical Change

A transformation in a physical property that retains the dentity of the substance.

Physical Properties: 1. Melting Point 2. Vapor Pressure 3. Color 4. State of Matter 5. Density- d= m/v 6. Molecular Mass 7. Electrical and Heat Conductivity 8. Solubility 9. Absorption into a surface 10. Hardness

Chemical Change

A transformation in which the original substance is converted to one or more new subtances.

Chemical Properties: 1. Reaction with acids 2. Reaction with bases (alkalis) 3. Reaction with oxygen 4. Reaction with... (a lot of more things) 5. Ability to act as axidizing agent 6. Ability to combust 7. Ability to act as a reducing agent 8. Reaction with another elements 9. Decomposition into smaller substances 10. Corrosive

Five States of Matter

Bose-Einstein Condensate

Characterized by: 1. Atoms cannot longer bounce around as individuals. 2. Atoms act in exactly the same way. 3. In 1924, Einstein and Bose, predicted a 5th state of matter which occurs at very low temperatures. 4. Discovered for the first time in 1995 by Wolfgang Ketterle

Plasma

Characterized by: 1. Result of rise in temperature of a gas. 2. Gas made up of particles carrying electric charge. ( ionization of gas at higher temperatures).

Gas

Characterized by: 1. No definite shape 2. Expand to occupy the entire available volume. 3. Molecules are all over (very separated).

Liquid

Characterized by: 1. They take the shape of the container which contains them. 2. Occupy a specific volume. 3. Molecules are separated.

Solid

Characterized by: 1. Structural rigidity. With a determined shape. 2. Resistance to changes of shape or volume and difficult to deform (in some cases). 3. They occupy a specific area or volume. 4. Molecules are compressed.

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Abiotic Factors

Non-living physical and chemical factors which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce.

Examples of Abiotic Factors 1. Virus 2. Crystals 3. Rocks 4. Volcano 5. Stars

Biotic Factors

All the living thing or their materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment.

Examples of Biotic Factors 1. Human 2. Mold 3. Oysters 4. Coral 5. Bacteria 6. Morning Glory