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MGT162

Theory model

GOAL-SETTING THEORY

S -specific M-measurable A-attainable R-relevant T- time-bound

A process intented to increase efficiency and effectiveness by specifying the desired outcomes towards which individuals,groups,departments and organizations works.

REINFORCEMENT THEORY

DECREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR

punishment

extinction

INCREASING DESIRED BEHAVIOR

Negative desired behavior

Positive desired behavior

Avoid behavior that are punished.

Based on the idea that people learn to repeat behavior that positively rewarded.

EQUITY THEORY

Focused on an individuals about how fairly he or she is treated in comparison with others.

EXPENTENCY THEORY

EXPENTENCY INSTUMENTALITY VALENCE

Motivation to expend effort to do something is determined by

outcomes/rewards are value to the individuals.

rewards are attached performance

effort will lead performance

Content theories of motivation

THEORY X AND Y (DOUGLAS MC'GREGOR)

THE ACQUIRED-NEEDS MODEL

HERZBERG TWO-FACTOR MODEL

MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS O

Needs-based aproaches to motivation

Theory X and Y

Theory Y

allow employees to participate in decision making.

motivated by appreciation,encouragement

Enjoy work

Theory X

Dislike work

motivated by money and promotions

Expired by external

Acquired needs model

Learn from the life experiences in the culture or country in which we live.

Focused on need for :

Power

Affiliation

Achievement

Herzberg two-factor model

Hygiene

company policy( rules and regulartion) makes workers feels uncomfortable.

job distatisfaction

motivator

workers statisfied with their works

job statisfaction

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS

achievement

Self-fullfillment

ESTEEM NEEDS

Feelings of achievement and self worth through recognition,respect and pretige from others. an

AFFILIATTION

A feeling of belonging

Love

Friendship

SECURITY

Emotional environment

Safe physical

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

Shelter

Air

Food

Water

motivation

Early view of motivation

Human recourses model

Douglas McGregor's theory X and Y *Workers can contribute the best of their ability and by encouraging full participation by employees when an environment are created.

Human relations model

ALTON MAYO & THE HAWTHORN STUDIES *people want to feel useful and important

Traditional model

FREDERICK W.TAYLOR& SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT * people were motivated by money

Defination

Explains why people act they do.

Forces that moves individuals to take action