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Wetlands
Solar Ovens
LifeSaver Bottle
UV Water Sterilization
Earth Observation (EO) satellites
Organism Overgrowth & Water Pollution
Attack an organism’s nervous system
Shellfish can cause serious illness
Produce toxins
Eutrophication
Phosphorus & nitrogen
Organisms Magnify Water Pollutants
Sharks, fish-eating birds, and humans
Biomagnification
Consume a lot of prey
Bioaccumulation
Phytoplankton & bacteria
Organic chemicals are resistant to degradation
Pathogens causing cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, & polio
Bacteria, viruses, and parasites endangering human health
Gastrointestinal diseases that produce toxins
Cause diseases (Celiac disease, etc.)
Bacteria carries out beneficial processes (Breaking down of organic wastes, etc.)
Recreation & Beauty
Transportation
Manufacturing
Health & Hygiene
Shelter and Energy
Provides life-sustaining chemical reactions
Fills cells and supports their structure
Organisms contain over 50% liquid water
Makes life on Earth possible
Gas, solid and liquid in Earth’s atmosphere
Source cnnot be pinpointed
Source can be pinpointed
Sick building syndrome (SBS)
Collection of illnesses from poor air quality
Indoor air pollution
Radon gas
Bacteria
Moulds (fungi)
Asbestos
Photochemical smog
Reduced visibility & high oxidant levels
Sulphurous smog
Cool weather, coal burning
5 atmospheric layers
TROPOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE
Oxygen and nitrogen.
Layers of gases
Blanket of air surrounding Earth
Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards
New air quality guidelines (Federal, provincial & municipal governments)
Effective for removing oxides
Converts pollutants into harmless substances
Reduced amount of VOCs from gas tanks and crankcase
Limit emissions from manufacturing plants and products
Organic farming + wild species
Polycultures
Rotational grazing
Smart Pasture Operations
Controls pest poulatuion
Biological organisms
Chemical substances crop rotation
Maintains soil fertility
Green manure
Mulch
Compost
Crop rotation
Perserves soil nutrients
Diversification of crops
Reduces soil errosion
Strip Cropping
Methods
Companion planting
Squash
Beans
Corns
Diverse species
With no compromises
Purpose
Aesthetics
Improve crops
Virus resistance
Herbicide resistance
Insect resistance
DNA from any source
Inserting modified DNA into an organism
Types
Drip irrigation
Spray irrigation
Surface irrigation
Amounts vary in each country
70% of water consumption
Effects on Ecosystems
Resistance
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Concerns
Algal blooms leading to fish kills
Impact on aquatic ecosystems
Potassium
Attractive to farmers
Saame species
Growth of a single crop
Value ecosystem services
Certify sustainably managed forests
Regenerate after harvesting
Leave Organic Matter in place
Harvest timber sustainably
Protect biodiversity
Types of Clearcutting
Shelterwood System
Selective Cutting
Clear cutting
Removal of trees
Harvest timber & regenerate trees
Condition of the site
Age of the trees
Tree species
Development & management of forests
Forestry contribution to ecosystem
Non-timber resources
Tourism
Craft & wood-carving
Medicine & personal care products
Food
Timber resources
Provide habitats
Water purification
Cycle nutrients
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Carbon
Store carbon
Reduce soil erosion
Basic structures
Abiotic & Biotic factors
Forest Floor
Understory
Canopy
Tropical
Temperate
Deciduous
Boreal
Canada’s forests make up 10% of world forests
Trees dominate ecosystem
Soil properties
pH
Porosity
Texture
Layers of soil
Living organisms
Worms, insects, soil bacteria & fungi
Breaks down nutrients
Humus
Topsoil
Roots
Nutrients
Profile
Soil components
4 main components
Organic material
Water
Air
Mineral matter
Nature's smallest animal
Insulation
Heat absorption
Cooling from evaporation
Shade
Urban environments
Long-term planning
Photosynthesis ceases
Range of temperatures
Determines optimal performance
Tropical forests
28 degrees C
Temperate forests
18 degrees C
Temperature thresholds
Trees expel unusually more CO2
Increasing temperatures
No sunlight
Invented in France
Popular in Italy, Portugal, Japan, Argentina, and Venezuela
Treating Storm Water
Municipal Sewage Treatment
Septic systems
Industry
Agriculture
Household
Managing waste
Recycling
Pollution prevention act
Disposal of Solid Waste
Recycle
Repair
Refuse, reduce and reuse
Reduction at source
Composting
Incineration
Ocean dumping
Landfills
Open dumping
Transportation of Solid Waste
Collection of soild waste
Rag pickers
By city municipality
Reduces aesthetic value
Causing water pollution
Disease-causing organisms
Mining waste
Hospital waste
Metal waste
Plastic waste
Liquid waste
E-waste
Solid waste
Controlling land pollution
branches
Biodegradable wastes
Branches
Leaves
Yard clippings
Reducing volume
Bioremediation
Ex situ bioremediation:
In situ Bioremediation
Hazards from waste
Nuclear waste
Hazardous waste
Municipal sold waste
Man-made causes
Radioactive wastes
Domestic waste & garbage
Agriculture waste
Mining
Urbanization
Industrial waste
Types of soil pollutants
Cadmium
Lead
Pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural Products
Dioxins
Heavy Metals
Thermal energy
Fracking in Canada
Triggers earthquakes
Under moderation due to Geology
General information
Chemicals (0.5%)
Sand (9.5%)
Water (90%)
Shale to fracture
High pressure
Pumping fluid
Renewables
Wave & tidal
Wave energy
Heat engines
Domestic Tidal Power
Tidal turbines
Accumulate potential energy
Barrages
Low tide
High tide
Biomass
Types of biofuels
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Organic material from plants and animals
Geothermal
Types of plants
Binary Power Plants
Flash Steam Plants
Dry Steam Plants
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Electricity Generation
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Ring of fire
Renewable
Heat from Earth
Hydro
Niagara falls
Generators
Turbines
Dams
Accelerated by gravity
Wind
Wind farm
Kinetic energy
Solar
Subtopic
Passive, active & photovoltaic collection
Produced by sun
Non-renewable
Alberta oil sands controversy
10% of it is economically recoverable
1.7 trillion barrels of oil
Worlds largest and accessible oil sands reserve
Coated in bitumen
Natural Gas
Arctic permafrost
Trapped within crystals of frozen water
Trapped above oil deposits
Hydraulic fracturing
Oil
Ways that oil is extracted
Extraction via SAGD
Mining & steam
Dangers of oil extraction
Aquatic organisms and birds harmed
Tanker leaks
Also known as reserviors
Coal
Dangers of coal mining
Air pollution
Land degradation
Water pollution
Dangerous occupation
Ways that coal is mined
Underground mining
Surface mining
Fossil fuels
Not expensive
Concentrated sources of chemical energy
Uranium
