Chapter 16 C-Map

Population

a group of organisms of a single species living together in the same geographical area

Microevolution

evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period

Population Genetics

the field of biology that studies the diversity of populations at the level of gene.

Gene Pool

the alleles of all genes in all individuals in a population

Allele Frequency

the proportion of each allele in a populations gene pool

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

a stable, non-evolving state

Gene Flow

the movement of alleles between populations

Reproductive Isolation

incapable of inheriting

Genetic Drift

variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce

Bottleneck Effect

a special type of genetic drift where the loss of genetic diversity is from natural disasters

Founder Effect

similar to a bottleneck effect except that genetic variation is lost when a few individuals break away from a large population to found a new population

Inbreeding

mating between relatives, because after a few generations only a few, if any, unrelated mates are available

Nonrandom Mating

when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals

Assortative mating

individuals with similar phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern

Polygentic

relating to or determined by polygenes

Stabalizing Selection

a type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value

Directional Selection

a force in nature that causes a population to evolve towards one end of a trait spectrum

Disruptive Selection

escribes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values

Sexual Selection

adaptive changes in males and females that lead to and increased ability to secure a mate.

Sexual Dimorphism

males and females differ in saze and other traits