coast

coast

Agents Shaping Coast

waves

waves

constructive

destructive

tides

currents

coastal protection measures

hard engineering

seawalls

seawalls

made of concrete

absorb wave energy

Esplanade

r

hard engineering: involves the construction of physical structures

breakwaters

breakwaters

built of concrete

east coast park

create zone of calm water between them and the beach

groynes

groynes

low walls built of concrete or wood

st Leornards beach[canada]

built at right angle of coast

gabions

gabions

wire cages filled with crushed rocks

found along Hornsea Beach[holderness,england]

soft engineering

beach nourishment

beach nourishment

stabilising dunes

adds greenery and beauty to coast

provides habitat for some animals

protects coastal properties

minimises erosion

growth of coral reefs

planting of mangroves

coastal processes

erosion

erosion

hydraulic action

abrasion

solution

attrition

transportation

longshore drift

forms spits

deposition

deposition

forms

beaches

beaches

spits

tombolos

tombolos