Transformations

Nonrigid transformations
on Y = f(x) looks like

g(x) = cf(x)

Vertical stretch if c > 1

Subtopic

Subtopic

Vertical shrink if 0 < c < 1

Rigid transformations

Vertical and Horizontal shifts
c= posotive real number

Vertical shift c units upward:
h(x) = f(x) + c

Vertical shift c untis downward:
h(x) = f(x) - c

Vertical Shift

Vertical Shift

Horizontal shift c units to the right:
h(x) = F(x-c)

Horizontal shift c units to the left:
h(x) = F(x+c)

Horizontal shift

Horizontal shift

Reflections

Reflection in the x-axis:
h(x) = -f(x)

Reflection on x-axis

Reflection on x-axis

Reflection in the y-axis:
h(x) = f(-x)