chapter 7 motivation

The ability to influence the behaviour of others (Daft & Marcic, 2013).

The capacity to cause a change in a person

Resulted from an interaction of leader and followers

Position

1. Legitimate
2. Reward
3. Coercive

Personal

1. Expert
2. Referent

Other sources

1. Personal effort
2. Network of relationship
3. Information

Physiological Needs

Food, water, air and shelter.

Security Needs

Safe physical and emotional environment.

Affiliation Needs

Friendship, love and a feeling of belonging.

Esteem Needs

Feelings of achievement and self worth through recognition, respect and prestige from others.

Self-Actualization Needs

Self-fulfillment and achievement.

-Focuses on the characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behaviour.
-Followers vary in readiness level, which is determined by the degree of willingness and ability to perform specific task.
-Effective leaders adapt their style according to the readiness level of the people they are managing.

The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals (Daft & Marcic, 2013).

LEADERSHIP THEORIES

Traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader.
Personal characteristics – physical, personality, intelligence and ability, social and work related.

1. Physical Characteristics
2. Personality
3. Work-related Characteristics
4. Intelligence and Ability
5. Social Characteristics
6. Social Background

The Ohio State University studies
Consideration – describe the extent to which a leader is sensitive to subordinates, respect ideas and feelings, and establish mutual trust
Initiating structure – describe the extent to which a leader is task oriented and direct subordinate’s work activities to achieve goals
University of Michigan studies
Employee-centered leaders – Established high performance goals and displayed supportive behaviour toward subordinates
Job-centered leaders – less concerned with goal achievement and human needs. Focus on meeting schedules, keeping costs low and achieving production efficiency.