Social Reform/Progressive Era

Muckrackers

Eugene Debs

Anarchist/Socialist?

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Dissolve Trusts

Enact an income tax on affluent

Disband monopolies

Three tiered approach

Humanitarian

Education

Taught reading/Removed children from labor

Physical Education

Trained physical education leaders

Baseball, football, basketball, etc...

Ingrained tenants of capitalism

Taught basic aspects of democracy

Springfield , MA

Muscular Christianity

Football's violence

Masculine/Fittest Survive

Supervised game taught deference to authority

Playground Association of America (PAA)

Luther Gulick

John Dewey= learn by doing

G. Stanley Hall

Parks

Country Clubs

Back to Nature Movement

Social Mobility

Ethnic sporting leagues

German Turners

Professional baseball leagues

Boxing: urban youth, freed slaves

Assimilation

Native Americans

Jim Thorpe

Carlisle Indian School

Rise of African American Leagues

Negro Leagues

Marshall Taylor

Isaac Murphy

Jack Johnson

Modern Olympics

Technology

Body Culture

Urban/Immigrant neighborhoods

Create a homogeneous society

Provided education, orientation to soceity

Alternatives to urban vices

Jane Adams/Hull House, Chicago

"White Man's Burden"

Spanish American War, 1898

Cuba, Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico

Annexation of Hawaii

American Missionaries