Sparta e Atene a confronto
Sparta: Città-Stato militare
Known for discipline and powerful army
Atene: Città-Stato culturale e democratica
Noted for contributions to philosophy
Political Systems
Sparta: Dual Monarchy
Council of Elders (Gerusia)
Assembly of citizens
Oligarchy
Athens: Direct Democracy
Assembly of citizens (Ekklesia)
Elected officials (Strategoi)
Council of 500 (Boule)
Society and Social Classes
Sparta
Spartiates
Full citizens
Guerrieri
Perioeci
Popolazione non cittadina, ma libera
Helots
Serfs tied to the land
Athens
Citizens
Liberi, con diritti politici
Metics
Stranieri residenti, non cittadini
Slaves
Private servants
Economies and Activities
Sparta: Agricultural economy
Role of Helots in agriculture
Manual labor despised by citizens
Athens: Mixed economy (trade, craftsmanship, and agriculture)
Maritime trade
Artistic and intellectual activities
Education
Sparta: Military training from childhood
Goal
Creare soldati forti e disciplinati
Atene: educazione culturale (filosofia, musica, retorica)
Preparation for political and civic life
Culture and Art
Sparta: focalizzata sui valori di forza, coraggio e disciplina
Less developed art compared to Athens
Athens: Famous for art, philosophy, theater
Renowned philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Architettura classica (Partenone, templi)
Esercito
Sparta: esercito professionale, basato sulla fanteria pesante (opliti)
Great discipline and training
Legendary Battle of Thermopylae
Historical Conflicts
Sparta: Peloponnesian War against Athens
Dominance in the classical period
Athens: Peloponnesian War
Allied with the Delian League