Universal Common Ancestor
(DNA, Ester bonds)

Bacteria
(Peptidoglycan in cell wall)

Escherichia coli

Eukarya
(Nucleus, Organelles)

Excavata
(feeding groove)
Euglenoids

SAR CLADE

Stramenopila
(Tripartite Flagellar Hair)

Kelp

Diatoms

Alveolata
(Membraneous vesicles on
cell membrane)

Dinoflagellate

Rhizaria
(filose pseudopodia)

Radiolarians

Foraminifera

Unikonta

Opisthokonta
(Single posterior flagellum on
swimming cells)

American Black Bear
(Ursus Americanus)

Black Bread Mold

Fly Agaric

Archaeplastida
(primary plastids)

Rhodophytes

Common Ancestor of Chlorophytes,
Charophytes, and land plants

Chlorophytes
(secondary plastids)

Southern Magnolia

Amoebozoans
(Pseudopodia that extend
like tubes or lobes)

Slime molds

Archea
(Ether bonds)

Methanobrevibacter
smithii