Presents

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Presents

Present Perfect Simple

Present perfect simple. Uses:

1.To express situations that started in the past and are still true (since/ for)

I have known James for 5 years.

I have known him since 2017

2. To describe recently finished actions which are important now

I have bad news. I have lost my job.

3. To express things you have done in your life.

I have been to Thailand and Indonesia.   

4- To express the number of times you have done something.

We have called you three times

5.With unfinished time periods (so far, until now, today…).

I haven´t read the newspaper today

6.With superlatives and expressions like “this is the first / second/ best/worst…”

This is the most beautiful house I have ever seen

7.To announce recent news (information)

I regret to announce that the match has been put off.

PRESENT PERFECT. FORM:

Present of "to have" + participio = have/has + participio

1.  Affirmative Sentences 

I have gone to work

She   has gone           to work

We     have been         to London

They  have learned  English.

2. Negative Sentences 

I        haven’t talked       to Peter

She    hasn’t gone             to work

We    haven’t been           to London

They haven’t learned      English.

3. Interrogative Sentences 

Have  you   talked   to Peter?

Has     she   gone      to work?

Have  you   been      to London?

Have  they  learned  English?

Exercise (video)

for, since, already, yet, just, ever, never, lately, how long..?...

Present perfect continuous

Video explanation present perfect simple vs. continuous.

Present perfect

all day/morning, lately, , since, for, How long...?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. USES:

1.  Action that began in the past and continues up to the present (with an emphasis on duration):

I have been waiting for two hours!

2.  A long action that began in the past and has just finishes, but the results are still obvious:

We have been working for 10 hours. That´s why we are so tired.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. FORM

Positive

I               have been working           

You           have been working           

He/she/it   has been working

We            have been working

You           have been working           

They          have been working

Negative

I                 have not been working    

You           have not been working     

He/She/it  has not been working     

We            have not been working    

You            have not been working    

They          have not been working

Questions

Have     I        been working?           

Have    you     been working?            

Has  he/she/it been working?          

Have      we     been working?          

Have      you   been working?           

Have      they   been working?

Present continuous

Time Expressions

Future meaning: tonight, at 3 o´clock, tomorrow...

At the moment, now, right now, today...

PRESENT CONTINUOUS. USES:

1.activities at the moment of speaking:

I'm just leaving work. I'll be home in an hour.

2.future plans or arrangements:

Mary is going to a new school next term.

3.something happening before and after a specific time:

At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast.

4.something which we think is temporary:

Michael is at university. He's studying history.

5.Something which is changing, growing or developing:

The children are growing up quickly.

6.something which happens again and again and is annoying -with always, forever, constantly-:

It's always raining in London.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS. FORM:

Present of "to be" + vb –ing  = am/ is/ are + vb-ing

Positive Negative Questions

I am working I am not working Am I working?

You are playing You are not playing Are you playing?

He, she, it  is talking He is talking Is he talking?

We are staying We are not staying Are we staying?

You are studying You are not studying Are you studying?

They are sleeping They are not sleeping Are they sleeping?

Present Simple

Video explanation

Time expressions

once a week, twice a year, on Monday...

always, never, sometimes...

Use

PRESENT SIMPLE. USES

1.For general truths

• Water freezes at zero degrees.

2.For habits / repeated actions or events

He drinks tea at breakfast.

It rains every afternoon in the hot season.

3.For permanent situations:

He works for IBM

4.For fixed arrangements / schedules

His mother arrives tomorrow.

The trains arrives at 5:30

5.With future constructions (With "before, after, when...)

She'll see you before she leaves.

We'll give it to her when she arrives.

6.For instructions

You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.

7.For formal announcements

We regret to inform that there are no more positions available at the moment.

8.With stative verbs*:

I love you

*Stative verbs:

• -senses: feel, hear, see
• -mental activities: think, believe, doubt, remember...
• -possession: have, own, owe...
• -emotion: love, hate, adore, prefer...
• -measurements: cost, weigh, measure. equal...

Form

Simple present

Positive Negative Questions

I eat I do not eat  Do I eat?

You eat You do not eat       Do you eat?

He, she,it eats    He does not  eat   Does  he eat?

We eat We do not eat              Do weI eat?

You eat You do not eat             Do you eat?

They eat They do not eat           Do they eat?

Spelling (he, she, it):

 For most verbs we add -s to the base form to make the she, he, it (third person singular) form.

· When the verb ends in -ch, -ss, -sh, -x or -zz, we add -es.

- Watch → watches Miss → misses

·  When the verb ends in a consonant + -y we change y to i and add -es.

- Hurry → hurries -  Study →studies

· But when the verb ends in a vowel + -y we just add -s.

  Pay → pays

 When the verb ends in –o we add – es

·        Go → goes  Do → does

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