Categorias: Todos - dados - valores - tempo - medidas

por Lorena Lara 4 anos atrás

592

Tipos de gráficos

Existem diversos tipos de gráficos que servem para representar diferentes tipos de dados e informações. O gráfico de quadrante, por exemplo, é útil para organizar dados que contém três medidas:

Tipos de gráficos

Tipos de gráficos

The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight planets, with the remainder being smaller objects, the dwarf planets, and small Solar System bodies.

Rede

odos os valores dos dados são mostrados com a mesma escala, de modo que todos os valores de dados devem ter a mesma magnitude.
Exibe valores de dados como pontos ligados por algumas linhas

Cascatas

Saturn is known most for its rings.

Galileo Galilei first thought it was an object with three parts: a planet and two large moons on either side.
Not knowing he was seeing a planet with rings, the stumped astronomer entered a small drawing — a symbol with one large circle and two smaller ones — in his notebook.

The rings are made of ice and rock and scientists are not yet sure how they formed. The gaseous planet is mostly hydrogen and helium.

Todos os valores intermediários são apresentados com base no valor inicial.

How long does it take for Saturn to go around the sun?

Apresenta valores correntes, a medida que são adicionados ou subtraídos, permite a compreensão de que o valor inicial impacta no valor final.

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Saturn's day measured in Earth days.

Visualiza a distribuição de recursos

Diagrama de Sankey

Uranus is an oddball. It has clouds made of hydrogen sulfide, the same chemical that makes rotten eggs smell so foul.

It rotates from east to west like Venus. Its tilt causes extreme seasons that last 20-plus years, and the sun beats down on one pole or the other for 84 Earth-years at a time.

Methane in the atmosphere gives Uranus its blue-green tint. It also has 13 sets of faint rings.

Fluxograma no qual a largura das setas são proporcionais a quantidade de fluxos

How long does it take for Uranus to go around the sun?

Define a quantidade de massa ou energia que existe no X ponto.

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Uranus's day measured in Earth days.

Usado para visualizar energia, custo ou transferência de materiais

Área

Neptune is about the size of Uranus and is known for supersonic strong winds.

Neptune is far out and cold.
The planet is more than 30 times as far from the sun as Earth.

Neptune was the first planet predicted to exist by using math, before it was visually detected. Neptune is about 17 times as massive as Earth and has a rocky core.

Representa o volume ou proporcional do espaço entre eixo e o ponto de dados.

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Neptune's day measured in Earth days.

Destaca oscilação de uma categoria de acordo com a variável como o: tempo!

Histograma

It was once considered a planet but in August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto to that of “dwarf planet.”

Pluto is unlike other planets in many respects. It is smaller than Earth's moon; its orbit is highly elliptical.

It's a cold, rocky world with a tenuous atmosphere. Pluto is a very active ice world that's covered in glaciers, mountains of ice water, icy dunes, and possibly even cryovolcanoes that erupt icy lava made of water, methane or ammonia.

Histograma assimétrico

The dwarf planet Pluto has five moons.


Name these moons.

Representado apenas por um pico destacando-se das demais classes. Utilizado por exemplo em uma situação na qual a característica de qualidade possui somente um limite de especificação.
Histograma simétrico:

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Pluto's day measured in Earth days.

Distribuição normal, os extremos possuem menor frequência e o pico está no centro.
Histograma “ilha isolada”
Acontece quando há desequilíbrios no processo de construção do gráfico, decorrentes de falhas ou erros de medição ou tabulação. Nesse gráfico são encontradas algumas classes com frequência semelhante entre si e distintas de todo o resto
Histograma com dois picos:
Acontece quando há mistura de dados distintos como podemos observar no histograma do tipo platô, que acontece quando existem diferentes misturas e diferentes distribuições médias, resultando em um gráfico com frequência simétrica entre as classes analisadas
Histograma despenhadeiro:
Quando alguns dados são eliminados gera-se um “corte”. Esta categoria ocorre quando certos dados forem eliminados, gerando um “corte” inesperado no gráfico, aparentando um histograma inacabado e incomplet
Geralmente não apresenta escala vertical, somente o eixo horizontal que representa a variável analisada

How long does it take for Pluto to go around the sun?

How many days
É utilizado para amostras grandes e variáveis numéricas
Position

Candle Stick

Representa o que ocorreu com o preço de uma ação, durante um período de tempo

Fluxo de Caixa

Traça-se uma reta horizontal que é denominada eixo dos tempos:
dinheiro recebido Þ seta para cima

dinheiro pago Þ seta para baixo.

É a representação gráfica em uma reta
Dos períodos e dos valores monetários envolvidos em cada período.

Quadrante

Jupiter is a giant gas world that is the most massive planet in our solar system.

Its swirling clouds are colorful due to different types of trace gases.

And a major feature in its swirling clouds is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm more than 10,000 miles wide. It has raged at more than 400 mph for the last 150 years, at least.

Jupiter has a strong magnetic field, and with 75 moons, it looks a bit like a miniature solar system.

Útil para organizar dados que contém 3 medidas:
Um eixo X, um eixo Y e um tamanho de bolha

Pizza

Mars is a cold, desert-like place covered in dust. This dust is made of iron oxides, giving the planet its iconic red hue.

Mars shares similarities with Earth: It is rocky, has mountains, valleys and canyons, and storm systems ranging from localized tornado-like dust devils to planet-engulfing dust storms.

Tem de haver duas ou mais categorias e um valor correspondente para cada um

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Mars's day measured in Earth days.

Condiz a uma das colunas ou linhas.
Gráfico de setor
Expressa relação de proporcionalidade.

Barra

Earth is a water world, with two-thirds of the planet covered by oceans.

It's the only world known to harbor life.

Earth's atmosphere is rich in nitrogen and oxygen.

Its name originates from 'Die Erde,' the German word for 'the ground.'
Earth may once have had two moons, nowadays it has just one.

A coluna é proporcional ao valor que representa

How long does it take for Earth to go around the sun?

Dado referente a uma variável qualitativa

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down the Earth's day in hours.

Gráfico de coluna, bastante utilizado

Linhas

Venus is Earth's twin in size and has no moons.
Its surface has various mountains and volcanoes. Because of its thick, toxic atmosphere that's made of sulfuric acid clouds, Venus is an extreme example of the greenhouse effect. The average temperature on Venus' surface is 900 F (465 C).
Venus spins slowly from east to west, the opposite direction to most of the other planets.

The Greeks believed Venus was two different objects — one in the morning sky and another in the evening. Because it is often brighter than any other object in the sky, Venus has generated many UFO reports.

Eixo vertical:

How long does it take for Venus to go around the sun?

Ficam os valores.
Eixo horizontal:

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Venus's day measured in Earth days.

Divisão de tempos em dias, meses ou qualquer unidade de tempo.
De segmento
Representa o progresso dos valores de uma variável.

Dispersão

Mercury is the smallest, only a little bit larger than Earth's moon. Mercury has no moon.

It experiences dramatic changes in its day and night temperatures: Day temperatures can reach a scorching 840 F (450 C), which is hot enough to melt lead. Meanwhile, on the night side, temperatures drop to minus 290 F (minus 180 C).

It also has a very thin atmosphere of oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium, and potassium and can't break-up incoming meteors, so its surface is pockmarked with craters, just like the moon.

A relação:

A planet's day is the time it takes the planet to rotate or spin once on its axis.

Write down Mercury's day measured in Earth days.

Parte de uma variável independente e uma variável dependente da primeira.
Quando deseja expor relação entre duas variáveis;

Our Solar System has eight “official” planets which orbit the Sun.

Each planet is at a different distance from the sun. Name its position.